On the design and implementation of efficient antennas for high frequency‐radio frequency identification read/write devices

Abstract

This article describes an in-depth methodical approach to the development of efficient high-frequency (HF) antennas for use in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems operating at 13.56 MHz. It presents brief theory relevant to RFID communication and sets up a framework within which features and requirements of antennas are linked to key design parameters such as antenna form-factor and size; RF power level, material and communication protocol. Tuning circuits necessary to adjust the resonance and power matching characteristics of antennas for good transponder interrogation and response recovery are discussed. To validate the approaches outlined, a stepwise design and measurement of an HF antenna for an ISO/IEC 15693 compliant read/write device (RWD) is described. Common practical problems that are often encountered in such design processes are also commented on. The prototyped antenna was tuned, connected to the RWD via a 50 Ω coaxial cable and tested.

Systematic design and prototyping of a low‐cost passive UHF‐RFID transponder

“…Therefore, R rad is mainly given by horizontal traces whiles adjacent vertical traces control electrical energy storage and ohmic losses. The loss in a thin, w d -wide, and h m -long trace made of material of conductivity σ and permeability μ, is attributed to the resistance R loss given in Equation (2).…”

“…In particular, the passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) class of RFID systems remains perhaps, the most attractive in comparison with its high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) counterparts since it possesses quicker reading, longer read range, and superior information storage capabilities. 1,2 Regulated UHF bands used for RFID communications span frequencies between 860 and 960 MHz and vary from one world region to another. More specifically, RFID systems are operated at 865-868 MHz in Europe, at 902-928 MHz in the Americas and at 950-956 MHz, and/or 866-870 MHz in Asia and Oceania.…”

“…The use of special, easily readable identifiers has made the RFID technology a popular choice of an identification tool for numerous communication, monitoring, and control applications. In particular, the passive ultra‐high frequency (UHF) class of RFID systems remains perhaps, the most attractive in comparison with its high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) counterparts since it possesses quicker reading, longer read range, and superior information storage capabilities 1,2 . Regulated UHF bands used for RFID communications span frequencies between 860 and 960 MHz and vary from one world region to another.…”