On the Design and Implementation of IP-over-P2P Overlay Virtual Private Networks

Abstract

The success and scale of the Internet and its protocol IP has spurred emergent distributed technologies such as fog/edge computing and new application models based on distributed containerized microservices. The Internet of Things and Connected Communities are poised to build on these technologies and models and to benefit from the ability to communicate in a peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion. Ubiquitous sensing, actuating and computing implies a scale that breaks the centralized cloud computing model. Challenges stemming from limited IPv4 public addresses, the need for transport layer authentication, confidentiality and integrity become a burden on developing new middleware and applications designed for the network's edge. One approach -not reliant on the slow adoption of IPv6 -is the use of virtualized overlay networks, which abstract the complexities of the underlying heterogeneous networks that span the components of distributed fog applications and middleware. This paper describes the evolution of the design and implementation of IP-over-P2P (IPOP) -from its purist P2P inception, to a pragmatic hybrid model which is influenced by and incorporates standards. The hybrid client-server/P2P approach allows IPOP to leverage existing robust and mature cloud infrastructure, while still providing the characteristics needed at the edge. IPOP is networking cyber infrastructure that presents an overlay virtual private network which selforganizes with dynamic membership of peer nodes into a scalable structure. IPOP is resilient to partitioning, supports redundant paths within its fabric, and provides software defined programming of switching rules to utilize these properties of its topology.

Advancing lake and reservoir water quality management with near-term, iterative ecological forecasting

“…(small computers deployed in the field that connect the sensors to the Internet) wirelessly transmit the data to a Git repository in the cloud, where the data are accessible for modeling using a virtual network (Subratie et al 2020).…”

“…Data are retrieved from the storage Git repository for execution on cloud computing nodes to drive ensemble runs of the open-source GLM model. In FLARE, the sensor gateways, storage repository, and cloud computing nodes run the Linux operating system and are connected by the open-source IPOP (IP-over-P2P) virtual private network (Subratie et al 2020). All code orchestrating the FLARE system is written in open-source programing languages (Bash, C, C++, Fortran, and R; Daneshmand et al 2020, Thomas et al 2020b.…”

Intelligent traffic distribution model in cluster segments of heat technology system

“…Обмен информацией между субсистемами сложных теплотехнологических комплексов может осуществляться как в рамках взаимодействия с сервером, так и через технологии peer-to-peer (p2p) передачи данных между клиентами [1]. Для автоматизации обмена информацией используются различные программно-аппаратные средства, включая протоколы передачи данных и удаленный доступ к комплексам через VPN-туннель.…”

Comprehensive Survey of Research on Emerging Communication Technologies from ICETC2020

“…Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing technologies are suitable for IoT, 5G, and B5G applications [235]. [91] proposed a distributed training management scheme for deep learning based on the distributed skip mesh list, where each node has multiple connections for some parent nodes, and [92] recommended a query transfer method that enables efficient search even for spatially autocorrelated data due to its use of two types of skip graphs.…”