On the delamination of air electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells: A mini-review

Pan, Zehua; Liu, Qinglin; Yan, Zhimiao; Jiao, Zhenjun; Bi, Lei; Chan, Siew Hwa; Zhong, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107267

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…14,15 One of the critical issues hindering the commercialization of SOECs is the delamination of the oxygen electrode at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and numerous studies have been conducted to understand the delamination mechanism of various types of oxygen electrodes. 14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] As suggested in previous studies, 14,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] oxygen electrode delamination can be explained by the development of high partial pressure of oxygen under electrolysis operation. Ionic (main) and electronic (small leakage) currents flow in the same direction through the electrolyte in the SOEC mode, in contrast to the ionic and electronic currents flowing in the opposite direction in the SOFC mode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

Lim

Niaz²,

Prasankumar³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-d (BCZYYb) is a promising ceramic electrolyte for reversible protonic ceramic cells. It is reported that BCZYYb-based cells show excellent long-term durability, particularly in the electrolysis mode, in contrast to the cells based on the conventional electrolyte yttria-stabilized zirconia. In this study, we investigate the chemo-mechanical stability behavior (a low tendency of delamination) of the BCZYYb-based protonic ceramic cells in terms of local electronic conduction in the electrolyte. The local electronic conductivity of the BCZYYb electrolyte is determined using Pt-probe-embedded cells near each electrode interface. The BCZYYb electrolyte exhibits sufficient p-type conductivity (~10-3 S cm-1) near the oxygen electrode (corresponding p_(O_2 ): 5.27–21 x 10-2 atm) and n-type conductivity (~10-4 S cm-1) near the hydrogen electrode (corresponding p_(O_2 ): 0.99–1.30 x 10-24 atm) at 600 °C. A standard cell is prepared and tested over long-term in the fuel cell (at positive and negative voltages) and electrolysis modes. The cell exhibits stable performance without delamination or cracks in both operating modes, owing to local electronic conduction.

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confidence: 60%

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

Lim

Niaz²,

Prasankumar³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…One of the fundamental issues in the development of high-performance and durable SOCs technologies is the degradation of SOC components associated with microstructure change. [111,113] This is the particular case for the state-of-the-art SOFC materials, which generally experience a much quicker performance degradation under SOEC mode. [114][115][116] Different to the conditions under SOFC operation mode, electrolytes under SOEC operation conditions experience a high oxygen chemical potential within the electrolyte near the oxygen electrode side and harsh reducing atmosphere at the hydrogen electrode side.…”

Section: Microstructure Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of key materials and issues in solid oxide cells

Zou

Chen

et al. 2023

Interdisciplinary Materials

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Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are all solid ceramic devices with the dual functionality of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to convert the chemical energy of fuels like H2, natural gas and other hydrocarbons to electricity and of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to store renewable electric energy of sun and wind in hydrogen fuel. Among the electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, SOCs are the most clean and efficient technology with unique dual functionality. Due to the high operation temperature (typically 600–800°C), SOCs exhibit many advantages over other energy conversion devices, such as low material cost, high efficiency and fuel flexibility. There has been rapid development of SOC technologies over the last decade with significant advantages and progress in key materials and a fundamental understanding of key issues such as an electrode, electrolyte, performance degradation, poisoning, and stack design. The reversible polarization also has a critical effect on the surface segregation and stability of the electrode and electrode/electrolyte interface. This critical review starts with a brief introduction, working principles and thermodynamics of SOC technology to readers with interests in this rapidly developing and emerging field. Then the key materials currently used in SOCs are summarized, followed by the discussion of the most advanced electrode modification methods and critical issues of SOCs, including the surface chemistry, segregation, electrode/electrolyte interface and varying material degradation mechanisms under reversible operations. The challenges and prospects of SOC technology for future developments are discussed.

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“…The average particle sizes of the grains within the LSC electrode are between 0.25 0.5 µm. At the LSC/GDC interface, severe delamination of the electrode is observed (Figure 8), which is a common failure mode in SOECs [15,17,46] and explains the degradation of the LSC cell during the long-term test (Figure 4). In addition, the EDX elemental map for Sr shown in Figure 8c indicates that Sr is enriched (compared to the bulk of the LSC electrode) in the near-surface region -as well as at the LSC/GDC and GDC/YSZ interfaces.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterization Of Fresh and Degraded Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Sr_0.2CoO_3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes

Pretschuh,

Egger,

Brunner

et al. 2023

Fuel Cells

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Strontium segregation (coupled to phase decomposition and impurity poisoning) and electrode delamination are two of the most important degradation mechanisms currently limiting the long‐term stability of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell (SOFC and SOEC) air electrodes. The present study aims to demonstrate that air electrodes made of entropy‐stabilized multi‐component oxides can mitigate these degradation mechanisms while providing excellent cell performance. A SOEC utilizing La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ (LPNSSC) as an air electrode delivers −1.56 A/cm2 at 1.2 V at 800°C. This performance exceeds that of a commercial cell with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ (LSC) air electrode, which reaches −1.43 A/cm2. In a long‐term electrolysis test, the LPNSSC cell shows stable performance during 700 h, while the LSC cell degrades continuously. Post‐mortem analyses by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicate complete delamination of the LSC electrode, while LPNSSC shows excellent adhesion. The amount of secondary phases formed (esp. SrSO4) is also much lower in LPNSSC compared to LSC. In conclusion, the high‐entropy perovskite LPNSSC is a promising option for air electrodes of solid oxide cells. While LPNSSC can compete with ‒ or even outperform ‒ LSC air electrodes in terms of electrochemical performance, it could be particularly advantageous in terms of long‐term stability in SOEC mode.

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On the delamination of air electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells: A mini-review

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

A critical review of key materials and issues in solid oxide cells

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Sr_0.2CoO_3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes

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On the delamination of air electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells: A mini-review

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ Electrolyte

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ Electrolyte

A critical review of key materials and issues in solid oxide cells

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes

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Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

Understanding Chemo-Mechanical Stability of Protonic Ceramic Cells Through Electronic Conduction in the BaCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ Electrolyte

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Sr_0.2CoO_3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes