On the decision making criteria for cis-lunar reference mission scenarios

El-Jaby, Samy; Lewis, Brent J.; Tomi, Leena

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2019.02.008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Low-energy thermal neutrons comprise a notable fraction of these radiotherapy neutron fields [1]. Thermal neutrons have also been measured in CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactor workplaces [4], in space [5,6], in highaltitude aircraft [7], and on the lunar surface [8]. Approximately 50% of thermal neutrons penetrate up to 2 cm into a tissue phantom, with a maximum range of over 10 cm [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Accuracy Relative Biological Effectiveness Values Following Low-Dose Thermal Neutron Exposures Support Bimodal Quality Factor Response with Neutron Energy

Paterson

Festarini

Stuart

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Theoretical evaluations indicate the radiation weighting factor for thermal neutrons differs from the current International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended value of 2.5, which has radiation protection implications for high-energy radiotherapy, inside spacecraft, on the lunar or Martian surface, and in nuclear reactor workplaces. We examined the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of DNA damage generated by thermal neutrons compared to gamma radiation. Whole blood was irradiated by 64 meV thermal neutrons from the National Research Universal reactor. DNA damage and erroneous DNA double-strand break repair was evaluated by dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with low doses ranging 6–85 mGy. Linear dose responses were observed. Significant DNA aberration clustering was found indicative of high ionizing density radiation. When the dose contribution of both the 14N(n,p)14C and 1H(n,γ)2H capture reactions were considered, the DCA and the CBMN assays generated similar maximum RBE values of 11.3 ± 1.6 and 9.0 ± 1.1, respectively. Consequently, thermal neutron RBE is approximately four times higher than the current ICRP radiation weighting factor value of 2.5. This lends support to bimodal peaks in the quality factor for RBE neutron energy response, underlining the importance of radiological protection against thermal neutron exposures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Accuracy Relative Biological Effectiveness Values Following Low-Dose Thermal Neutron Exposures Support Bimodal Quality Factor Response with Neutron Energy

Paterson

Festarini

Stuart

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In early 2020s, the Chinese modular space station, built on the experience gained from its precursors Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2, will be placed and operating in the Low Earth orbit (Gibney, 2019). The sustainable human exploration of the Moon is programmed in the meanwhile (El-Jaby et al, 2019;Pittman et al, 2016), whereas the human missions to the surface of Mars are envisioned before 2040 (ISECG, 2018). Therefore, it is hypothesized that only prospective methodological applications at a high technology readiness level (i.e., at least validated in a flight-like environment; Straub, 2015) will be selected by following their basic principles and current uses in Earth and space-analogue settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Microbial Monitoring Technologies towards the Near Future Space Exploration

Amalfitano¹,

Levantesi²,

Copetti³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Space exploration is demanding longer lasting human missions and water resupply from Earth will become increasingly unrealistic. In a near future, the spacecraft water monitoring systems will require technological advances to promptly identify and counteract contingent events of waterborne microbial contamination, posing health risks to astronauts with lowered immune responsiveness. The search for bio-analytical approaches, alternative to those applied on Earth by cultivation-dependent methods, is pushed by the compelling need to limit waste disposal and avoid microbial regrowth from analytical carryovers. Prospective technologies will be selected only if first validated in a flight-like environment, by following basic principles, advantages, and limitations beyond their current applications on Earth. Starting from the water monitoring activities applied on the International Space Station, we provide a critical overview of the nucleic acid amplification-based approaches (i.e., loop-mediated isothermal amplification, quantitative PCR, and high-throughput sequencing) and early-warning methods for total microbial load assessments (i.e., ATP-metry, flow cytometry), already used at a high readiness level aboard crewed space vehicles. Our findings suggest that the forthcoming space applications of mature technologies will be necessarily bounded by a compromise between analytical performances (e.g., speed to results, identification depth, reproducibility, multiparametricity) and detrimental technical requirements (e.g., reagent usage, waste production, operator skills, crew time). As space exploration progresses toward extended missions to Moon and Mars, miniaturized systems that also minimize crew involvement in their end-to-end operation are likely applicable on the long-term and suitable for the in-flight water and microbiological research.

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Correct modeling results are needed to inform mission planning and shield design

Slaba

Singleterry

2020

Life Sciences in Space Research

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On the decision making criteria for cis-lunar reference mission scenarios

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

High-Accuracy Relative Biological Effectiveness Values Following Low-Dose Thermal Neutron Exposures Support Bimodal Quality Factor Response with Neutron Energy

High-Accuracy Relative Biological Effectiveness Values Following Low-Dose Thermal Neutron Exposures Support Bimodal Quality Factor Response with Neutron Energy

Water and Microbial Monitoring Technologies towards the Near Future Space Exploration

Correct modeling results are needed to inform mission planning and shield design

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