On the Creep and the Relaxation of Spiral Ropes

Computer modelling of wire strands and ropes part II: Finite element-based applications

“…Stresses r t,k (MPa) element analysis are compared with those obtained experimentally and theoretically by Nakai et al [21]. There are two types of the contact between wire layers: each layer is perfectly adhered and clearances between the layers were considered in the theoretical closed-form solution [21].…”

“…There are two types of the contact between wire layers: each layer is perfectly adhered and clearances between the layers were considered in the theoretical closed-form solution [21]. Comparison of the results is shown in Fig.…”

“…14. The relative differences e e were calculated with respect to the test results [21]. For instance…”

“…In the present paper, the experimental and theoretical work presented in Nakai et al [21] is taken as a reference. The results from the tension tests and theoretical analysis of the multi-layered strand with a construction of the 1 + 6 + 12 + 18 wires subjected to static axial loads presented in [21] are compared with values from 3D finite element analysis.…”

“…For this purpose ABAQUS/Explicit [23] software is used. Derived 3D geometric models of the multi-layered strands and the results of the finite element elastic behaviour analyses of the strand under tension loads are validated through comparisons with experimental and theoretical data available [21]. Numerical examples are presented to investigate the performance of the proposed mathematical and finite element model.…”