On the Crack Characteristic Signal From an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe

Donnell, Kristen M.; McClanahan, A; Zoughi, R.

doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2317295

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The sample was scanned with a fixed SOD of 1 mm and a step size of 0.5 mm along the x and y directions. The sample was also imaged using a 24 circular aperture probe [18], an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) [7] operating at 10 GHz, and a 24 GHz circular dual-polarized aperture probe (DPAP) [15]. The coaxial and dual-polarized probes have demonstrated significant utility for the detection of polarized targets irrespective of their relative orientations.…”

Section: Imaging Of Polarized Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancing the lateral resolution and sensitivity has driven the development of near-field microwave imaging probes over the last three decades. The near-field microwave imaging probes developed in the past specifically for crack detection include coaxial probes [7], waveguide-fed aperture probes [8], aperture probes loaded with resonant structures [9]- [11], and printed planar imaging probes [12], [13]. In the particular problem of detecting polarized targets such as cracks, the probe is required to yield high sensitivity regardless of the target's orientation [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the particular problem of detecting polarized targets such as cracks, the probe is required to yield high sensitivity regardless of the target's orientation [14], [15]. The coaxial probes are capable of detecting cracks irrespective of their orientation [7]. However, their overall sensitivity is relatively low due to the high reflection at the probe's open end.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

et al. 2020

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Various near-field microwave imaging probes were developed previously for nondestructive testing of material structures. Sensitivity and resolution are key parameters for quantifying the efficacy of a given imaging probe. For polarized targets like cracks, the sensitivity of conventional aperture probes depends on the relative orientation between the probe's electric-field vector and the target. In practice, target orientation is typically unknown. Furthermore, the imaging resolution of conventional aperture probes is limited to aperture dimensions. Obtaining imaging resolution in the order of few millimeters using conventional aperture probes requires operation at high frequencies, (above 30 GHz). In contrast, planar probes consisting of loops loaded with spiral resonators could provide resolution in the order of few millimeters while working at relatively low frequencies (below 1 GHz). Unlike conventional aperture probes, the radiated near-fields of these probes are characterized by two significant components oriented along orthogonal axes. Therefore, the probe intrinsically provides a polarization-independent response. In this paper, the near-field imaging resolution of the planar resonator probe is further enhanced, and its polarizationindependent response is demonstrated for the first time. The response of three planar probe prototypes of different dimensions is analyzed based on numerical simulation and experimental results. The performance of the probes is extensively evaluated by acquiring line-scans and 2D-images of metal and dielectric samples. The near-field images of the metal sample obtained using the planar probes working below 1 GHz are compared to the images obtained using aperture probes working at 24 GHz, 33 GHz, and 70 GHz. Furthermore, the probe imaging performance for a polarized target (i.e., narrow cuts) is compared to dualpolarized circular probe working at 24 GHz and open-ended coaxial probe working at 10 GHz. Overall, the proposed probe yielded more than twofold increase in the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to all the probes utilized herein. INDEX TERMS non-destructive testing, microwave imaging, planar probe, near-field, polarization, spiral resonator This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

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Section: Imaging Of Polarized Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

et al. 2020

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“…Cracks in metal that are concealed by paint, composite laminates, corrosion protection substances, and rust can be detected easily using microwave techniques compared with other techniques. Studies have shown that nondestructive surface crack detection at the microwave and mm-wave frequencies is capable of detecting and sizing surface cracks in metals [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In [4], an open-ended waveguide operating at 20 GHz was utilized as a sensor to detect smaller surface cracks, such as fatigue cracks from changes in the reflection coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain a higher spatial resolution, the open-ended waveguide technique needs to be used at higher frequencies [8]. Alternatively, open-ended coaxial probes have also been examined [9]. Recently, resonant probes have been reported to design near-field sensors for crack detection in metallic materials [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a Cutoff Cavity Probe Applicable to Crack Detection Using the Forced Resonance Microwave Method

Kim

Kim²,

Kwon

et al. 2020

J Electromagn Eng Sci

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This paper presents the current characteristics inside a cutoff cavity slot probe applied to crack detection using the forced resonance microwave method (FRMM). Crack detection using FRMM has two stages: preparation and detection. In the preparation stage, the current characteristics inside the probe with a shorting plate are important for determining the crack signal and detection sensitivity. The cutoff cavity probe produces a forced resonance by adjusting a control element. There are two kinds of forced resonance: series resonance (SR) and parallel resonance (PR). Four types of current characteristics are applied to crack detection using FRMM: SR, the region around SR, the region around PR, and non-resonance. These current characteristics are discussed from the point of view of current change for crack detection. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results to check the current state inside the cutoff cavity probe.

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Introduction to Planar Microwave Sensors

2022

Planar Microwave Sensors

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On the Crack Characteristic Signal From an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

Characteristics of a Cutoff Cavity Probe Applicable to Crack Detection Using the Forced Resonance Microwave Method

Introduction to Planar Microwave Sensors

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