On the contribution of Aitken mode particles to cloud droplet populations at continental background areas – a parametric sensitivity study

Anttila, T.; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti

doi:10.5194/acp-7-4625-2007

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…More fractions of particles larger than 80 nm were activated into CCN during the hazy case (86 %) and foggy-hazy case (84 %) than that during the clear case (76 %). Although in different SS conditions, N CCN was measured at other urban or urban-like environments such as the west coast of Tasmania (32 cm −3 ) and the west coast of Korea (5292 cm −3 ) at SS 1.0 % (Yum et al, 2004(Yum et al, , 2005, and Mexico city (3000 cm −3 ), Ireland (208-346 cm −3 ) and Vienna (820 cm −3 ) at SS 0.5 % (Baumgardner et al, 2003;Reade et al, 2006;Burkart et al, 2011). An even larger N CCN (6000 cm −3 ) was measured at SS 0.17 % in Beijing (Deng et al, 2011).…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many ground-based measurements on CCN have been performed in diverse environments, describing a global map of CCN distribution in the surface atmosphere (Baumgardner et al, 2003;Yum et al, 2004Yum et al, , 2005Reade et al, 2006;Juranyi et al, 2010;Leng et al, 2013). In urban environments, the new particle formation and growth, and haze pollution were observed recently as having a significant impact on N CCN (Ritesh et al, 2007;Kuang et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In urban environments, the new particle formation and growth, and haze pollution were observed recently as having a significant impact on N CCN (Ritesh et al, 2007;Kuang et al, 2009). In recent years, CCN studies have raised the relative importance of several influence factors controlling aerosol CCN activity, of which size has been announced as the major factor in determining the CCN activation of aerosol particles (Dusek et al, 2006;Anttila and Kerminen, 2007;Hudson, 2007;Quinn et al, 2008;Jimenez et al, 2009;Leng et al, 2013). However, how chemical composition especially organic compounds to link with aerosol activity and then CCN has not been fully understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Leng

Zhang

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), condensation nuclei (CN) and aerosol chemical composition were performed simultaneously at an urban site in Shanghai from 6 to 9 November 2010. The variations of CCN number concentration (N CCN ) and aerosol activity (activated aerosol fraction, N CCN /N CN ) were examined during a fog-haze co-occurring event. Anthropogenic pollutants emitted from vehicles and unfavorable meteorological conditions such as low planetary boundary layer (PBL) height exerted a great influence on PM 2.5 and black carbon (BC) loadings. N CCN at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) mostly fell in the range of 994 to 6268 cm −3 , and the corresponding N CCN /N CN varied between 0.09 and 0.57. N CCN and N CCN /N CN usually were usually higher in the hazy case due to increased aerosol concentration in the accumulation mode (100-500 nm), and lower in the foggy-hazy and clear cases. The BC mass concentration posed a strong positive effect on N CCN in the foggy-hazy and hazy cases, whereas it poorly correlated with N CCN in the clear case. N CCN /N CN was weakly related with BC in both foggy-hazy and hazy cases. By using a simplified particle hygroscopicity (κ), the calculated critical dry size (CDS) of activated aerosol did not exceed 130 nm at 0.2 % SS in spite of diverse aerosol chemical compositions. The predicted N CCN at 0.2 % SS was very successful compared with the observed N CCN in clear case (R 2 = 0.96) and foggy-hazy/hazy cases (R 2 = 0.91). In addition, their corresponding ratios of predicted to observed N CCN were on average 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. More organic matter is possibly responsible for this closure difference between foggy-hazy/hazy and clear cases. These results reveal that the particulate pollutant burden exerts a significant impact on N CCN , especially N CCN /N CN promotes effectively during the polluted periods.

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Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Leng

Zhang

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Studies have addressed the relative importance of the size distribution, particle composition, and mixing state in determining CCN activation, but there are disagreements on the relative importance of these parameters (e.g., Roberts et al, 2002;Feingold, 2003;Ervens et al, 2005;Mircea et al, 2005;Dusek et al, 2006a;Anttila and Kerminen, 2007;Hudson, 2007;Quinn et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008;Deng et al, 2013. CCN closure studies are a useful approach to test our knowledge of the controlling physical and chemical factors and to help verify experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity during the AC<sup>3</sup>Exp campaign: implications for cloud condensation nuclei parameterization

Zhang

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity under background conditions and during pollution events are investigated during the Aerosol-CCN-Cloud Closure Experiment (AC 3 Exp) campaign conducted at Xianghe, China in summer 2013. A gradual increase in size-resolved activation ratio (AR) with particle diameter (D p ) suggests that aerosol particles have different hygroscopicities. During pollution events, the activation diameter (D a ) measured at low supersaturation (SS) was significantly increased compared to background conditions. An increase was not observed when SS was > 0.4 %. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) was ∼ 0.31-0.38 for particles in accumulation mode under background conditions. This range in magnitude of κ was ∼ 20 %, higher than κ derived under polluted conditions. For particles in nucleation or Aitken mode, κ ranged from 0.20-0.34 for background and polluted cases. Larger particles were on average more hygroscopic than smaller particles. The situation was more complex for heavy pollution particles because of the diversity in particle composition and mixing state. A non-parallel observation CCN closure test showed that uncertainties in CCN number concentration estimates ranged from 30-40 %, which are associated with changes in particle composition as well as measurement uncertainties associated with bulk and size-resolved CCN methods. A case study showed that bulk CCN activation ratios increased as total condensation nuclei (CN) number concentrations (N CN ) increased on background days. The background case also showed that bulk AR correlated well with the hygroscopicity parameter calculated from chemical volume fractions. On the contrary, bulk AR decreased with increasing total N CN during pollution events, but was closely related to the fraction of the total organic mass signal at m/z 44 (f 44 ), which is usually associated with the particle's organic oxidation level. Our study highlights the importance of chemical composition in determining particle activation properties and underlines the significance of long-term observations of CCN under different atmospheric environments, especially regions with heavy pollution.

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“…To increase efficiency of these investigations and to assess the role of nonlinearity in cloud droplet activation, approaches other than finite differences have been employed in recent years. Anttila and Kerminen (2007) investigated the role of Aitken mode particles in continental convective cloud formation with a probabilistic collocation method, which approximates the function of the parameterization with polynomials. Haertner et al (2009) combined single and multiple parameter perturbation experiments to explore the parametric uncertainty in aerosol activation in ECHAM5.…”

Section: A Karydis Et Al: Adjoint Sensitivity Of Cdncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjoint sensitivity of global cloud droplet number to aerosol and dynamical parameters

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present the development of the adjoint of a comprehensive cloud droplet formation parameterization for use in aerosol-cloud-climate interaction studies. The adjoint efficiently and accurately calculates the sensitivity of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) to all parameterization inputs (e.g., updraft velocity, water uptake coefficient, aerosol number and hygroscopicity) with a single execution. The adjoint is then integrated within three dimensional (3-D) aerosol modeling frameworks to quantify the sensitivity of CDNC formation globally to each parameter. Sensitivities are computed for year-long executions of the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Chemical Transport Model (CTM), using wind fields computed with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global Circulation Model (GCM) II , and the GEOS-Chem CTM, driven by meteorological input from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) of the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). We find that over polluted (pristine) areas, CDNC is more sensitive to updraft velocity and uptake coefficient (aerosol number and hygroscopicity). Over the oceans of the Northern Hemisphere, addition of anthropogenic or biomass burning aerosol is predicted to increase CDNC in contrast to coarse-mode sea salt which tends to decrease CDNC. Over the Southern Oceans, CDNC is most sensitive to sea salt, which is the main aerosol component of the region. Globally, CDNC is predicted to be less sensitive to changes in the hygroscopicity of the aerosols than in their concentration with the exception of dust where CDNC is very sensitive to particle hydrophilicity over arid areas. Regionally, the sensitivities differ considerably between the two frameworks and quantitatively reveal why the models differ considerably in their indirect forcing estimates.

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On the contribution of Aitken mode particles to cloud droplet populations at continental background areas – a parametric sensitivity study

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity during the AC<sup>3</sup>Exp campaign: implications for cloud condensation nuclei parameterization

Adjoint sensitivity of global cloud droplet number to aerosol and dynamical parameters

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On the contribution of Aitken mode particles to cloud droplet populations at continental background areas – a parametric sensitivity study

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Variations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol activity during fog–haze episode: a case study from Shanghai

Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity during the AC&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Exp campaign: implications for cloud condensation nuclei parameterization

Adjoint sensitivity of global cloud droplet number to aerosol and dynamical parameters

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Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity during the AC<sup>3</sup>Exp campaign: implications for cloud condensation nuclei parameterization