On the continuous contract verification using blockchain and real-time data

Martinez-Rendon, Cristhian; Camarmas-Alonso, Diego; Carretero, J.; Gonzalez-Compeán, J. L.

doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03252-0

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…We also conducted a case study to show the flexibility of

into a dataflow composed by an end-user (human, device, or application),

, virtual containers (

), and IoT devices with sensors attached (

). This dataflow was emulated from a real trace of a logistic transportation of a supply chain of food, which is used by a

implementing a blockchain service for the verification of contract violations by monitoring GPS, temperature, and speed sensors of a set of transportation trucks [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WoT-Based Method for Creating Digital Sentinel Twins of IoT Devices

López-Arévalo

Gonzalez-Compeán

Hinojosa-Tijerina

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The data produced by sensors of IoT devices are becoming keystones for organizations to conduct critical decision-making processes. However, delivering information to these processes in real-time represents two challenges for the organizations: the first one is achieving a constant dataflow from IoT to the cloud and the second one is enabling decision-making processes to retrieve data from dataflows in real-time. This paper presents a cloud-based Web of Things method for creating digital twins of IoT devices (named sentinels).The novelty of the proposed approach is that sentinels create an abstract window for decision-making processes to: (a) find data (e.g., properties, events, and data from sensors of IoT devices) or (b) invoke functions (e.g., actions and tasks) from physical devices (PD), as well as from virtual devices (VD). In this approach, the applications and services of decision-making processes deal with sentinels instead of managing complex details associated with the PDs, VDs, and cloud computing infrastructures. A prototype based on the proposed method was implemented to conduct a case study based on a blockchain system for verifying contract violation in sensors used in product transportation logistics. The evaluation showed the effectiveness of sentinels enabling organizations to attain data from IoT sensors and the dataflows used by decision-making processes to convert these data into useful information.

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“…We also conducted a case study to show the flexibility of

into a dataflow composed by an end-user (human, device, or application),

, virtual containers (

), and IoT devices with sensors attached (

). This dataflow was emulated from a real trace of a logistic transportation of a supply chain of food, which is used by a

implementing a blockchain service for the verification of contract violations by monitoring GPS, temperature, and speed sensors of a set of transportation trucks [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WoT-Based Method for Creating Digital Sentinel Twins of IoT Devices

López-Arévalo

Gonzalez-Compeán

Hinojosa-Tijerina

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This digital product lifecycle management (DPLM) includes stages such as manufacturing, retailing and delivery of digital products [ 3 ]. The verification of the accomplishment/violations of agreements defined in digital contracts is a key task during the DPLM [ 4 ]. This verification becomes more relevant when validating both the integrity of digital product content and the transactions performed during multiple stages of the DPLM (e.g., manufacturing, retailing and delivery) among different organizations [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain and Fingerprinting Traceability Method for Digital Product Lifecycle Management

Gonzalez-Compeán

Sosa-Sosa

García-Hernández

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The rise of digitalization, sensory devices, cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) technologies enables the design of novel digital product lifecycle management (DPLM) applications for use cases such as manufacturing and delivery of digital products. The verification of the accomplishment/violations of agreements defined in digital contracts is a key task in digital business transactions. However, this verification represents a challenge when validating both the integrity of digital product content and the transactions performed during multiple stages of the DPLM. This paper presents a traceability method for DPLM based on the integration of online and offline verification mechanisms based on blockchain and fingerprinting, respectively. A blockchain lifecycle registration model is used for organizations to register the exchange of digital products in the cloud with partners and/or consumers throughout the DPLM stages as well as to verify the accomplishment of agreements at each DPLM stage. The fingerprinting scheme is used for offline verification of digital product integrity and to register the DPLM logs within digital products, which is useful in either dispute or violation of agreements scenarios. We built a DPLM service prototype based on this method, which was implemented as a cloud computing service. A case study based on the DPLM of audios was conducted to evaluate this prototype. The experimental evaluation revealed the ability of this method to be applied to DPLM in real scenarios in an efficient manner.

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