On the conductivity degradation and phase stability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) zirconia electrolytes analysed via XRD

Terner, Mark R.; Schuler, J. Andreas; Mai, Andreas; Penner, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2014.06.006

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Furthermore, the resultant increase in ASR between the 3 and the 3024 h of testing was 0.16 Ω cm 2 ; 0.09 Ω cm 2 contributed by the development and degradation of the R p1 process and 0.07 Ω cm 2 being contributed by the degradation of the R s . When considering that the conductivity of the 6ScSZ electrolyte degrades by ≈30% over the first 3000 h of testing, typically equating to ≈0.08 Ω cm 2 , [ 79 ] the degradation contributed by the Rh/CG20 co‐impregnated LSCT A− is impressively low for a fully ceramic anode material, over industrially relevant periods of isothermal and galvanostatic operation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6 ] This voltage degradation rate was calculated based on stack data collected between 2000 and 43 000 h of operation due to the fact that increased degradation rates are observed during the first 2000–3000 h of operation [ 6 ] as a result of the loss of ≈30% of the 6ScSZ electrolyte conductivity over this initial period. [ 79 ] Therefore, longer periods of operation of short stacks containing SOFC with co‐impregnated LSCT A− anodes are expected to yield lower average degradation rates as the decay of ionic conductivity in the electrolyte becomes asymptotic. [ 79 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 79 ] Therefore, longer periods of operation of short stacks containing SOFC with co‐impregnated LSCT A− anodes are expected to yield lower average degradation rates as the decay of ionic conductivity in the electrolyte becomes asymptotic. [ 79 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

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Cassidy

Grolig

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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and useful electrical power from a fuel gas (e.g., natural gas), at much higher conversion efficiencies than conventional combustion methods. [1,2] This method of heat and electricity co-generation makes SOFC technology ideal for use in micro-combined heat and power (µ-CHP) units, particularly in the 1-5 kW (electrical power) output class, which may be used to satisfy the total heat and electricity demand of family homes and small businesses. An example of such a unit is the Galileo 1000 N, produced by HEXIS AG between 2013 and 2018. [3] This µ-CHP unit was successfully commercialized with more than 100 units being installed in a variety of locations across Western Europe, each providing 1 kW of electrical power and 20 kW of heat (from an auxiliary burner). [4,5] Currently, the Swiss SOFC manufacturer is focusing on the development of the next-generation SOFC-based µ-CHP unit, designed to provide an increased electrical power output of 1.5 kW at a higher electrical efficiency. [3,6] Typically, high-temperature SOFC (operating at 700-850 °C) are produced using traditional, well-studied, and effective material sets, which have been tailored to suit the requirements of each component. For example, air electrodes (cathodes) are often made from composites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and strontium-substituted lanthanum manganite (LSM) [7][8][9] or composites of cerium gadolinium oxide (CGO) and strontium-substituted lanthanum cobaltite (LSC), [9,10] ferrite (LSF), [11] or cobaltite ferrite (LSCF). [8,[12][13][14][15][16] Electrolytes used in SOFC operating within this temperature regime are zirconia stabilized, commonly, with scandia or yttria (ScSZ or YSZ), [2] while fuel electrodes (anodes) traditionally comprise composites of Ni and either YSZ or CGO. [2,17] However, despite the excellent performance that can be obtained using these materials, there are several challenges posed, specifically, by the anode materials, that must be addressed in order to provide greater resistance to harsh operating conditions in next-generation SOFC systems. These ceramic-metal composites (cermets) of YSZ/CGO and Ni exhibit redox instability, due to the propensity of Ni to agglomerate, in addition to sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition during exposure to unprocessed natural gas feeds. [1,18] Several different materials design approaches have been identified and explored in an attempt to mitigate the limitations of the Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack technology offers a reliable, efficient, and clean method of sustainable heat and electricity co-generation that can be integrated into micro-combined heat and power (µ-CHP) units for use in residential and small commercial environments. Recent years have seen the successful market introduction of several SOFC-based systems, however, manufacturers still face some challenges in improving the durability and tolerance of traditional Ni-based ceramic-metal (cermet) composite anodes to harsh operating conditions, such as redox and thermal cycling, overload exposure, sulfur poisonin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

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Cassidy

Grolig

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…This feature was proposed to be caused by the anisotropy of lattice distortion, 28,29 by the formation of a rhombohedral phase induced by stress, [30][31][32][33][34] by the formation of low-dimensional structures after surface segregation, 35 and by grinding or polishing. [30][31][32]36 As shown in Figure 2(a), the hump is not present in any of the diffractograms corresponding to the aged samples. The shrinking of the HLS after annealing or aging within the 600-1000 ºC range has also been observed by other authors and attributed to a short range ordering of oxygen ion vacancies to relax the anisotropy of the lattice distortions, 28 or to the reverse transformation of the rhombohedral phase.…”

Section: Scanning Electronmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Aging on the Electrochemical Performance of LSM-YSZ Cathodes

Baqué

Jørgensen

Zhang

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…As a consequence, information about the conductivity and degradation phenomena of SOC electrolytes is typically obtained via model experiments on bulk materials and / or post-test analysis of the microstructure. [15][16][17][18][19] Among the degradation phenomena that can be observed for SOECs, increases in ohmic resistance have been observed for electrolyte-supported cells due to materials degradation of Scstabilized zirconia (ScSZ). [19] Significant degradation of the ohmic resistance of fuel electrode-supported cells have been reported by many authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance characterization of supported oxygen ion conducting electrolytes

Lenser

Menzler

2019

Solid State Ionics

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a widely used tool to study electrochemical reactions in batteries, fuel cells and other electrochemical energy conversion devices. However, conduction processes in the electrolyte of high temperature fuel or electrolysis cells (SOFC / SOEC) are inacessible during operation, severely restricting the information that can be obtained about performance and degradation of the electrolyte. Using the distribution function of relaxation times (DRT), we study the ionic conduction properties and degradation phenomena in multi-layered solid electrolytes, ex situ and at low temperatures. The investigation of full cells in air enables a detailed analysis of the conductivity of supported electrolytes as thin as 1 µm, as well as the relative contributions of multilayered electrolytes. Furthermore, three case studies are presented concerning the degradation mechanism in SOFC and SOEC operation, showcasing the ability of this technique to distinguish the effects of grain boundary contamination, formation of solid solutions and the formation of porosity on the ionic conductivity of thin, supported electrolytes.

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On the conductivity degradation and phase stability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) zirconia electrolytes analysed via XRD

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Effect of Aging on the Electrochemical Performance of LSM-YSZ Cathodes

Impedance characterization of supported oxygen ion conducting electrolytes

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On the conductivity degradation and phase stability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) zirconia electrolytes analysed via XRD

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Effect of Aging on the Electrochemical Performance of LSM-YSZ Cathodes

Impedance characterization of supported oxygen ion conducting electrolytes

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Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration

Upscaling of Co‐Impregnated La_0.20Sr_0.25Ca_0.45TiO₃ Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Progress Report on a Decade of Academic‐Industrial Collaboration