On the Concept of “Complexity” in Radiation Physics

Abstract

The concept of “complexity” is considered in relation to radiation processes in condensed matter. It is shown that a combination of such properties as nanoscale, fractality, low dimension, chirality, and hierarchy in combination with high nonequilibrium create conditions for the manifestation of unusual “emergent” radiation effects (radiation synergetics, great dose reduction of threshold radiation effects, etc.). Examples of radiation effects in living and inanimate systems, interpreted within the framework of the concept of “complexity”, are presented. An overview of both previously obtained and new results is presented.

The concept of «Complexity» in the problems of condensed matter physics: fundamental and applied aspects

“…entangled, since a large charge, tearing electrons from unequal wells, turns them into a drop of metal, but with its small plasmon, which gives a smaller 𝜔 𝑝𝑙 , and therefore for this case it is still 𝜏 𝑒 > 10 −16 𝑠𝑒𝑐. It is important to note that the described Auger destruction effect is quite realistically realized both in all semiconductors [3,4] and in some polymers (for example, RNA viruses, including SARS-2V). Moreover, the last turned out to be an effective method of treating some types of COVID-pneumonia [2,3].…”

“…It is important to note that the described Auger destruction effect is quite realistically realized both in all semiconductors [3,4] and in some polymers (for example, RNA viruses, including SARS-2V). Moreover, the last turned out to be an effective method of treating some types of COVID-pneumonia [2,3].…”

“…By the beginning of the XXI century, all these elements combined had changed the outlook of the RPCM fundamentally, and now the code concepts are the following: (1) nonlinearity and disequilibrium caused by exposure to high-intensity radiation with a wide energy spectrum; (2) materials which structure is more important in the radiation response than their physico-chemical properties; (3) the emergence of a general theoretical concept -"COMPLEXITY", which is the brainchild of synergetics. Now it has become the most powerful approach in the study of "complex systems" [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Such a metamorphosis has covered most of the areas of the RPCM, including various aspects of radiation degradation of materials and devices based on them, including biological objects (see, for example [1][2][3]).…”

“…By the beginning of the XXI century, all these elements combined had changed the outlook of the RPCM fundamentally, and now the code concepts are the following: (1) nonlinearity and disequilibrium caused by exposure to high-intensity radiation with a wide energy spectrum; (2) materials which structure is more important in the radiation response than their physico-chemical properties; (3) the emergence of a general theoretical concept -"COMPLEXITY", which is the brainchild of synergetics. Now it has become the most powerful approach in the study of "complex systems" [1][2][3][4].Such a metamorphosis has covered most of the areas of the RPCM, including various aspects of radiation degradation of materials and devices based on them, including biological objects (see, for example [1][2][3]). The purpose of this work is to consider (in brief) a number of new features in the radiation problems that are important for both inanimate and living nature.…”