On the Comparison Between the Nc/CRN and the Ne/ERN

Abstract

After the Error Negativity (Ne or ERN) has been described on full-blown errors and on partial error, a smaller Error Negativity-like wave (CRN or Nc) has also been evidenced on correct trials, first in patients with schizophrenia and, later on, in healthy subjects. The functional significance of the Nc as compared to the Ne is of critical importance since most models accounting for the genesis of the Ne on errors and partial errors cannot account for the existence of the Nc if this Nc simply corresponds to a small Ne. On the contrary, if the Nc and the Ne are two completely distinct components, then the existence of a Nc poses no constraint to the existing models. To this end, we examine in the present review the similarities and the differences existing between the Ne and the Nc regarding their functional properties and their anatomical origin.

A distributed theta network of error generation and processing in aging

“…However, correlational analyses revealed a linked suppression only for left-hand errors and a lack of correlated reactivity for right-hand errors. Hence, during error generation, the synchronization of pre-motor regions may be associated with a separable mechanism of response selection (Rushworth et al 2003) different from the evaluative control functions of the medial frontal cortex (Vidal et al 2022;Fu et al 2023). Indeed, the types of errors analyzed here were different for the left and the right hand.…”

“…А negative brain potential with midline fronto-central maximum, called error negativity (Ne; Falkenstein et al 1990Falkenstein et al , 1991 or error-related negativity (ERN; Gehring et al 1993) is an established neurophysiological marker of error processing in humans (rev. Vidal et al 2022;Fu et al 2023). The Ne is specifically elicited or substantially enhanced by performance errors and is generated by medial frontal structures (rev.…”

“…The Ne is specifically elicited or substantially enhanced by performance errors and is generated by medial frontal structures (rev. Vidal et al 2022). Although different models have been proposed for Ne in relation to detecting a mismatch between the planned and the actual action (Falkenstein et al 2001;Dehaene 2018), processing of conflict between concurrent response options (Carter et al 1998;Botvinick et al 2001Botvinick et al , 2004, or detecting unpredicted behavioural outcomes (Holroyd and Coles 2002;Alexander and Brown 2011;Silvetti et al 2011), all models support the role of Ne for behavioural monitoring, control and adaptation (Carter et al 1998; von Cramon 2001, 2004;Vidal et al 2022).…”

Different Electrophysiological Signatures of Similarity-induced and Stroop-like Interference in Language Production

“…We, therefore, aimed to examine an ERN-counterpart on correct trials, often referred to as the correct response negativity or the CRN (Gehring et al, 2018). There is still much debate about the origin of ERN and CRN and whether they index the same or different underlying processes (see Vidal et al, 2022, for a review). The key finding regarding the CRN are as follows:…”