“…AC Rutting is permanent deformation that occurs due to traffic loads in the AC pavement layer of a roadway (Witczak, Von Quintus, & Schwartz, Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 12:14 14 June 2016 1997). Rutting in the AC layer is caused by three main factors: poor materials, bad quality control during construction, and inadequate design (Fang, Haddock, White, & Hand, 2004).…”