On the carbohydrate metabolism of pectoral muscle in the ontogeny of chicken

Wittenberger, C.; Coprean, D; Popescu, Valeria

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(77)90099-2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The glycogen contents we found in the C muscles 10-20 days after operation are 20-40 O / o higher than those found in the pectoral of intact chickens of the same ages (28). This seems to show that unilateral muscle denervation elicits metabolic (perhaps compensatory) modifications also in surgically unaffected regions of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…The pectoral muscle of the chicken has some peculiar characteristics: during its ontogenetic development it becomes a typical "white" muscle, with a predominantly glycolytic metabolism (1,3 ) , in contradistinction to the pectoral of flying birds, which remains an oxidative red muscle. The change of the metabolic pattern of the chicken pectoral from the red type in the young animal to the white type in the adult fowl takes place through some "critical" periods which we have described in a previous paper (28). O n the other hand, it is well known that the effects of denervation depend on the muscle type (2, 5 , 27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Later, by 20 days, the decreases are large and similar in all age-groups, but by the end of our experiments (30 days after surgery) a tendency towards normalization occurs, except for the animals operated on at 12 days. The latter is the age when we have shown that very large and fast ontogenetic changes in carbohydrate metabolism occur in the chicken pectoral muscle (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Metabolic Modifications in the Denervated Pectoral Muscle of the Chicken

Wittenberger¹,

Giurgea²,

Coprean³

1981

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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Summary Denervated pectoral muscles of chickens exhibited decreased contents of glycogen and total proteins, increased content of RNA, lowered ratio of myofibrillar to sarcoplasmic protein fractions, and lowered activities of myofibrillar ATPase and of total glycogen phosphorylase activities, compared with the values for the heterolateral control muscles. The amplitude of the modifications was dependent both on the age at which denervation was performed and on the time that elapsed after operation. Partial return to normal of the parameters occurred gradually, especially in young chickens; no return to normal was found in birds operated by the „critical” age of 12–14 days. Zusammenfassung Metabolische Veränderungen im denervierten Brustmuskel von Küken Die Denervation des Brustmuskels bei Küken führte zu folgenden Veränderungen: Abnahme des Glykogen‐ und Proteingehaltes, Zunahme der RNA, Verminderung des Verhältnisses zwischen myofibrillären und sarkoplasmatischen Proteinfraktionen, sowie erniedrigte Aktivitäten der myofibrillären ATPase und der Gesamt‐Glykogen‐Phosphorylase im Vergleich zu den Werten für die heterolateralen Kontrollmuskeln. Das Ausmaß der Veränderungen war sowohl abhängig vom Alter, in welchem die Denervation durchgeführt wurde, als auch vom zeitlichen Abstand zur Operation. Teilweise wurde eine allmähliche Rückkehr zu den Normalwerten beobachtet, speziell bei jungen Küken. Normalwerte wurden jedoch nicht mehr erreicht, wenn die Operation im „kritischen” Alter von 12 bis 14 Tagen erfolgte. Résumé Modifications métaboliques dans le muscle pectoral dénervé de poussins La dénervation du muscle pectoral chez des poussins a provoqué les modifications suivantes: diminution du taux de glycogène et de protéines, augmentation de l'ARN, diminution du rapport entre les fractions protéiques myofibrillaires et sarcoplasmiques, un abaissement des activités de l'ATPase myofibrillaire et de la glycogène‐phosphorylase totale par comparaison avec les valeurs pour les muscles hétérolatéraux de contrôle. l'étendue des modifications dépendait aussi bien de l'age au moment de la dénervation, que de la période à partir de l'opération. On a partiellement observé un retour graduel aux valeurs normales chez les jeunes poussins en particulier. Les valeurs normales n'ont cependant jamais été atteintes lorsque l'opération a eu lieu à l'âge «critique» de 12 à 14 jours. Resumen Las modificaciones metabólicas en el músculo pectoral denervado del pollito La denervación del músculo pectoral conducía en los pollitos a las modificaciones siguientes: disminución del contenido en glucógeno y proteína, aumento del ARN, disminución de la relación entre las fracciones proteicas mio‐fibrilares y sarcoplásmicas, actividades minoradas de la ATFasa miofibrilar y de la glucógeno‐fosforilasa total en comparación con los valores de los músculos testigos heterolaterales. La magnitud de las modificaciones dependía tanto de la edad en la cual se ejecutó la denervación como del espacio de tiempo transcurrido después de la operación. Algunas veces...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Metabolic Modifications in the Denervated Pectoral Muscle of the Chicken

Wittenberger¹,

Giurgea²,

Coprean³

1981

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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“…A long-lasting exposure to a mild hypothermia elicits tissue metabolic modifications, the functional significance of which is not always clear: the protein content of muscle tissue increases (1 I), muscle AMP-deaminase activity is modified (lo), blood concentrations of triiodothyronine (14), catecholamines and corticosterone (9) increase etc. The effects are largely age-dependent, inter alia because various homoiothermic mechanismsincluding shivering thermogenesisbegin to function at various ages (6,12,23). The main site of shivering thermogenesis is the pectoral musculature, and the process implies increased glycogen consumption in the white fibres of the latter (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hypothermia on the Carbohydrate Tissue Metabolism in Chickens

Wittenberger¹

1985

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A

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Summary Chickens aged 15 and 30 days were exposed to mild hypothermia (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h per day, for 15 days). Glycogen turnover was accelerated and the utilization of glucose carbon in protein synthesis was enhanced. Muscle respiration was enhanced, but the share of carbohydrates in oxidation was lowered. A large part of fodder glucose and liver glycogen was probably used in lipogenesis and then the lipids were oxidized in muscles. Age‐dependent differences were seen and are discussed; they suggest that the hypothermia enhanced especially those metabolic processes which were not very active in the muscle of control birds at the given age. Zusammenfassung Einfluß der Hypothermie auf den Gewebekohlenhydratstoffwechsel von Küken Küken im Alter von 15 und 30 Tagen wurden einer leichten Hypothermie (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h/Tag, während 15 Tagen) ausgesetzt. Der Glykogenumsatz wurde beschleunigt und die Utilisation des Glukosekohlenstoffs in der Proteinsynthese erhöht. Die Muskelatmung war verbessert, aber der Anteil der Kohlenhydrate bei der Oxidation geringer. Ein hoher Anteil der Futterglukose und des Leberglykogens wurde vermutlich bei der Lipogenese verbraucht und anschließend erfolgte die Oxidation der Lipide in den Muskeln. Altersabhängige Unterschiede werden diskutiert. Sie lassen vermuten, daß bei einer Hypothermie speziell jene Stoffwechselabläufe bevorzugt werden, die bei gleichaltrigen Kontrolltieren nicht sehr aktiv sind. Résumé Influence de l'hypothermie sur le métabolisme tissulaire des carbohydrates chez des poussins Des poussins âgés de 15 à 30 jours ont été soumis à une légère hypothermie (12 ± 1 °C, /h/jour, durant 15 jours). La transformation du glycogène a été accélérée et l'utilisation carbone du glucose fut augmentée dans la synthèse des protéines. La respiration musculaire fut améliorée, mais la part des hydrates de carbone lors de l'oxydation fut plus faible. Une grande partie du glucose alimentaire et du glycogène hépatique fut utilisée probablement lors de la lipogénèse qui fut suivie par l'oxydation des lipides dans les muscles. Des différences en fonction de l'âge sont décrites. Elles laissent supposer que lors d'une hypothermie s'accentuent spécialement les processus métaboliques qui ne sont pas très actifs chez des animaux de contrôle du même âge. Resumen El influjo de la hipotermia sobre el metabolismo de los carbohidratos hísticos en los pollitos Se expusieron pollitos, de 15 y 30 días de edad, a una hipotermia ligera (12 ± 10 C, 7h/día, durante 15 días). Así se aceleró el metabolismo del glucógeno y aumentó la utilización del carbono de glucosa en la síntesis de las proteínas. Había mejorado la respiración muscular, pero era menor la cuota de carbohidratos en la oxidación. Seguramente se usó una cuota elevada de glucosa del pienso y del glucógeno hepático en la lipogénesis y a continuación se oxidaron los lípidos en los músculos. Se discuten las diferencias dependientes de la edad. Las mismas permiten sospechar que en la hipotermia se realzan especialmente aquellos procesos metabólicos que no so...

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“…Galliformes 19 ) differed from flying species in having a majority of fast glycolytic fibers in their flight muscles, functioning anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates 20 , in contrast to flying bird species, which have mainly fast oxidative fibers capable of oxidative metabolism of both carbohydrates and lipids 20 . These, together with physiological observations such as higher lactose levels during running in several flight-degenerate bird species 21 , have resulted in the hypothesis that flight-degenerate bird species generally utilize carbohydrate as the main energy source when using their pectoral muscles for short burst of flight or running 22–24 , in contrast with use of lipid in flying species during sustained flight 25,26 . However, the genetic basis of such metabolic changes remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent genomic signatures of flight loss in birds suggest a switch of main fuel

et al. 2019

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Flight loss in birds is as characteristic of the class Aves as flight itself. Although morphological and physiological differences are recognized in flight-degenerate bird species, their contributions to recurrent flight degeneration events across modern birds and underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in an analysis of 295 million nucleotides from 48 bird genomes, we identify two convergent sites causing amino acid changes in ATGL Ser321Gly and ACOT7 Ala197Val in flight-degenerate birds, which to our knowledge have not previously been implicated in loss of flight. Functional assays suggest that Ser321Gly reduces lipid hydrolytic ability of ATGL, and Ala197Val enhances acyl-CoA hydrolytic activity of ACOT7. Modeling simulations suggest a switch of main energy sources from lipids to carbohydrates in flight-degenerate birds. Our results thus suggest that physiological convergence plays an important role in flight degeneration, and anatomical convergence often invoked may not.

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On the carbohydrate metabolism of pectoral muscle in the ontogeny of chicken

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Metabolic Modifications in the Denervated Pectoral Muscle of the Chicken

Metabolic Modifications in the Denervated Pectoral Muscle of the Chicken

Influence of Hypothermia on the Carbohydrate Tissue Metabolism in Chickens

Convergent genomic signatures of flight loss in birds suggest a switch of main fuel

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