2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.085
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On the biogenesis of myelin membranes: Sorting, trafficking and cell polarity

Abstract: In the central nervous system, a multilayered membrane layer known as the myelin sheath enwraps axons, and is required for optimal saltatory signal conductance. The sheath develops from membrane processes that extend from the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes and displays a unique lipid and protein composition. Myelin biogenesis is carefully regulated, and multiple transport pathways involving a variety of endosomal compartments are involved. Here we briefly summarize how the major myelin proteins proteolipi… Show more

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Cited by 140 publications
(152 citation statements)
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“…The cellular mechanisms of myelin formation are not well understood, but indeed essential to fully grasp pathology of myelin disease and to tackle the problem of inefficient remyelination associated with most diseases including multiple sclerosis. A major challenge for oligodendrocytes, which ensheath multiple axon segments simultaneously, is the temporal and spatial orchestration of myelin membrane synthesis and traffic to control membrane domain morphogenesis and the directed growth of the emerging myelin sheath (Krämer et al, 2001;Baron and Hoekstra, 2010). Several myelin proteins undergo distinct endocytic sorting and recycling associated with plasma membrane remodeling (Winterstein et al, 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cellular mechanisms of myelin formation are not well understood, but indeed essential to fully grasp pathology of myelin disease and to tackle the problem of inefficient remyelination associated with most diseases including multiple sclerosis. A major challenge for oligodendrocytes, which ensheath multiple axon segments simultaneously, is the temporal and spatial orchestration of myelin membrane synthesis and traffic to control membrane domain morphogenesis and the directed growth of the emerging myelin sheath (Krämer et al, 2001;Baron and Hoekstra, 2010). Several myelin proteins undergo distinct endocytic sorting and recycling associated with plasma membrane remodeling (Winterstein et al, 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, in this work, we examined whether syntaxins 3 and 4 are functionally expressed in rat primary OLGs and involved in myelin biogenesis, thereby focusing on the role of myelin sheet-localized syntaxins and the two major myelin proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP). These proteins are expressed in a timely fashion and sorted and transported to the myelin membrane by different mechanisms (1,20,21). MBP, located at the cytoplasmic surface of myelin membranes, is a basic, membrane-associated adhesive protein and essential for myelination in vivo (22)(23)(24).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, MBP appears to act as a portal for protein entry into myelin membranes (7). MBP is transported to the myelin sheath in its mRNA form (26,27), which is thought to circumvent premature adhesion of membranes (1,22,24,25). Although MBP mRNA is assembled in nonmembranous granules (26)(27)(28), a causal relationship with the vesicular transport ma-chinery is likely, given that membrane trafficking appears to be involved in RNA transport and/or anchoring (29)(30)(31).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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