On the bioavailability of flavanols and anthocyanins: Flavanol–anthocyanin dimers

Fernandes, Iva; Nave, Frederico; Gonçalves, Rui; Freitas, Víctor de; Mateus, Nuno

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.037

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Fernandes et al . [47] studied the bioavailability of an anthocyanin derivative: flavan-3-ol-anthocyanin dimer [(+)-catechin-4,8-malvidin-3-glucoside], using Caco-2 cells to assess the transepithelial transport with comparison to (+)-catechin, malvidin-3-glucoside and procyanidin B3 (dimer). All the tested compounds crossed the Caco-2 cell model barrier and the catechin-malvidin dimer showed significantly less absorption efficiency compared to catechin or malvidin.…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Dietary Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Bioavailability and Attempts for Bioavailability Enhancement

2013

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Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals that have shown numerous health effects and have therefore been studied extensively. Of the six common food flavonoid classes, flavonols are distributed ubiquitously among different plant foods whereas appreciable amounts of isoflavones are found in leguminous plant-based foods. Flavonoids have shown promising health promoting effects in human cell culture, experimental animal and human clinical studies. They have shown antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory effects as well as ability to modulate cell signaling and gene expression related disease development. Low bioavailability of flavonoids has been a concern as it can limit or even hinder their health effects. Therefore, attempts to improve their bioavailability in order to improve the efficacy of flavonoids are being studied. Further investigations on bioavailability are warranted as it is a determining factor for flavonoid biological activity.

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Section: Bioavailability Of Dietary Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Bioavailability and Attempts for Bioavailability Enhancement

2013

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“…The absorption of proanthocyanidins through the gut barrier is likely to be limited by their polymeric nature and high molecular weight (Fernandes et al, 2012). Lower-molecularweight components and metabolites are more easily absorbed (Fernandes et al, 2012;Kosi nska and Andlauer, 2012).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Pbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower-molecularweight components and metabolites are more easily absorbed (Fernandes et al, 2012;Kosi nska and Andlauer, 2012). Most in vivo studies suggest that procyanidin dimers can be absorbed (Baba et al, 2002;Tsang et al, 2005;Shoji et al, 2006;Prasain et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Pbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Bark Extracts: Nutraceutical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Evaluation

Jiao

Zhang

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Proanthocyanidins are among the most abundant constituents in pine bark extracts (PBEs). This review summarizes medical research on PBEs from Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata, Pinus massoniana, and other less well characterized species. The precise mechanisms of the important physiologic functions of PBE components remain to be elucidated, but there is evidently great potential for the identification and development of novel antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and anticancer medicines. Although toxicological data for PBEs are limited, no serious adverse effects have been reported. PBEs, therefore, may have potential as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals and should be safe for use as food ingredients.

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“…These compounds are, at least in part, absorbed into the body and are thereby able to function in vivo. 29,30) In vivo bioavailability of procyanidin B2 has been reported using a radioactively labeled molecule in male rats. 31) Radioactivity was observed to increase, and its T max in blood was approximately 6 h after oral administration, indicating that the parent compound and its microbial metabolites are incorporated into the body.…”

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confidence: 99%