On the automaticity of response inhibition in individuals with alcoholism

Noël, Xavier; Brevers, Damien; Hanak, Catherine; Kornreich, Charles; Verbanck, Paul; Verbruggen, Frederick

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.01.003

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Similarly, and again contrary to hypotheses, we did not observe any slowing of reaction time to alcohol cues, which would indicate the formation of alcohol-inhibition (or ‘stopping’) associations, after ICT. Numerous laboratory studies that used arbitrary stimuli (Verbruggen and Logan 2008b , 2009 ; Lenartowicz et al 2011 ; Verbruggen et al 2014 ), and indeed some studies that used alcohol-related stimuli (Jones and Field 2013 ; Noël et al 2016 ) have demonstrated the robustness of these stop-learning effects, so in a sense, our findings are surprising. However, other studies, particularly those that investigated ICT in applied domains, did not demonstrate the predicted formation of cue-stopping associations, in some cases even after multiple sessions of ICT (Houben et al 2012 ; Lawrence et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cue avoidance training and inhibitory control training for the reduction of alcohol consumption: a comparison of effectiveness and investigation of their mechanisms of action

Lemma

Field

2017

Psychopharmacology

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RationaleBoth cue avoidance training (CAT) and inhibitory control training (ICT) reduce alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, these interventions have never been directly compared and their mechanisms of action are poorly understood.ObjectivesWe compared the effects of both types of training on alcohol consumption and investigated if they led to theoretically predicted changes in alcohol avoidance (CAT) or alcohol inhibition (ICT) associations and changes in evaluation of alcohol cues.MethodsHeavy drinking young adults (N = 120) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) CAT (repeatedly pushing alcohol cues away with a joystick), (2) sham (control) CAT; (3) ICT (repeatedly inhibiting behaviour in response to alcohol cues); or (4) sham (control) ICT. Changes in reaction times and automatic evaluations of alcohol cues were assessed before and after training using assessment versions of tasks used in training and the implicit association test (IAT), respectively. Finally, participants completed a bogus taste test as a measure of ad libitum alcohol consumption.ResultsCompared to sham conditions, CAT and ICT both led to reduced alcohol consumption although there was no difference between the two. Neither intervention affected performance on the IAT, and changes in reaction time did not suggest the formation of robust alcohol avoidance (CAT) or alcohol inhibition (ICT) associations after training.ConclusionsCAT and ICT yielded equivalent reductions in alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, these behavioural effects were not accompanied by devaluation of stimuli or the formation of alcohol avoidance or alcohol inhibition associations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4639-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cue avoidance training and inhibitory control training for the reduction of alcohol consumption: a comparison of effectiveness and investigation of their mechanisms of action

Lemma

Field

2017

Psychopharmacology

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“…Response inhibition is a crucial cognitive skill that allows successful and flexible interactions with a constantly changing environment, by interrupting an action that is no longer desired (Verbruggen and Logan 2008; Ridderinkhof et al 2004). This cognitive ability is not only affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as HD (Rao et al 2014; Wiecki et al 2016), but also in Parkinson’s disease (e.g., Gauggel et al 2004) and Alzheimer’s disease (e.g., Zancada-Menéndez et al 2013), as well as in a variety of other psychiatric and psychological conditions such as schizophrenia (e.g., Enticott et al 2008), obsessive–compulsive disorder (e.g., Menzies et al 2007), hyperactivity (e.g., Solanto et al 2001; Winstanley et al 2006), impulsivity (e.g., Logan et al 1997), alcoholism (e.g., Li et al 2009; Noel et al 2016), obesity (e.g., Nederkoorn et al 2007), and gambling (e.g., Brevers et al 2012; Lawrence et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stop-signal task for sheep: introduction and validation of a direct measure for the stop-signal reaction time

et al. 2017

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Huntington’s disease (HD) patients show reduced flexibility in inhibiting an already-started response. This can be quantified by the stop-signal task. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a sheep version of the stop-signal task that would be suitable for monitoring the progression of cognitive decline in a transgenic sheep model of HD. Using a semi-automated operant system, sheep were trained to perform in a two-choice discrimination task. In 22% of the trials, a stop-signal was presented. Upon the stop-signal presentation, the sheep had to inhibit their already-started response. The stopping behaviour was captured using an accelerometer mounted on the back of the sheep. This set-up provided a direct read-out of the individual stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). We also estimated the SSRT using the conventional approach of subtracting the stop-signal delay (i.e., time after which the stop-signal is presented) from the ranked reaction time during a trial without a stop-signal. We found that all sheep could inhibit an already-started response in 91% of the stop-trials. The directly measured SSRT (0.974 ± 0.04 s) was not significantly different from the estimated SSRT (0.938 ± 0.04 s). The sheep version of the stop-signal task adds to the repertoire of tests suitable for investigating both cognitive dysfunction and efficacy of therapeutic agents in sheep models of neurodegenerative disease such as HD, as well as neurological conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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“…It is difficult to obtain better cognitive control, such as improving executive functions in adults, as shown by considerable data [80], but capitalizing on preserved automatic inhibitory resources could prove useful for promoting better inhibitory control of the action without saturating the resources of effortful selfregulation [21,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, some studies have found that addicted participants have preserved automatic inhibitory resources [52]. In this study, recently detoxified alcoholics and healthy participants performed a modified stop-signal task that consisted of a training phase in which a subset of the stimuli was consistently associated with stopping or going and a test phase in which this mapping was reversed.…”

Section: Reconsolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By conferring a central position to response inhibition, brain imaging and behavioral studies demonstrated abnormal functioning in individuals at risk to develop an addictive behavior, in addicted people, and in individuals who relapsed [9,47,48]. Indeed, a variety of response inhibition deficits are present in numerous forms of reinforcement pathologies (e.g., tobacco dependence [49,50], alcohol disorder [51,52] , eating disorders [53,54], gambling disorder [55] (but see [56])). Second, those deficits can predict relapse in drug and behavioral addiction [18,57,58], and research suggests that recently abstinent addicts experience heightened difficulties with response inhibition [59,60].…”

Section: Response Inhibition and Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Addiction: Brain and Cognitive Stimulation for Better Cognitive Control and Far Beyond

Noël¹,

Bechara²,

Saeremans³

et al. 2020

Inhibitory Control Training - A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Addiction behaviors are characterized by conditioned responses responsible for craving and automatic actions as well as disturbances within the supervisory network, one of the key elements of which is the inhibition of prepotent response. Interventions such as brain stimulation and cognitive training targeting this imbalanced system can potentially be a positive adjunct to treatment as usual. The relevance of several invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in the context of addiction as well as several cognitive training protocols is reviewed. By reducing cue-induced craving and modifying the pattern of action, memory associations, and attention biases, these interventions produced significant but still limited clinical effects. A new refined definition of response inhibition, including automatic inhibition of response and a more consistent approach to cue exposure capitalizing on the phase of reconsolidation of pre-activated emotional memories, all associated with brain and cognitive stimulation, opens new avenues for clinical research.

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On the automaticity of response inhibition in individuals with alcoholism

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Cue avoidance training and inhibitory control training for the reduction of alcohol consumption: a comparison of effectiveness and investigation of their mechanisms of action

Cue avoidance training and inhibitory control training for the reduction of alcohol consumption: a comparison of effectiveness and investigation of their mechanisms of action

A stop-signal task for sheep: introduction and validation of a direct measure for the stop-signal reaction time

Addiction: Brain and Cognitive Stimulation for Better Cognitive Control and Far Beyond

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