On the atrophy of the internal carotid artery in capybara

Steele, Caroline; Fioretto, Emerson Ticona; Sasahara, Taís Harumi de Castro; Guidi, Wanderley Lima; Lima, Ana Rita de; Ribeiro, Antônio Augusto Coppi Maciel; Loesch, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0218-0

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This study also revealed that the ET-1-positive perivascular nerves, including both axon profiles and accompanying Schwann cells, underwent changes at animal maturation coinciding with ICA regression. Our findings, therefore, supplement our previous data on the fine structure of the BA in capybaras and to the artery changes during animal maturation and ICA regression [Islam et al, 2004;Loesch et al, 2005;Steele et al, 2006]. It should be mentioned, however, that it has previously been demonstrated that in a large proportion of capybaras at maturation (which is at about 1 year of age), the ICA is no longer functioning efficiently due to the collapsed lumen, decreased lumen size and transformation to a ligamentous cord.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Brains were dissected out, and the BA isolated and placed in the same fixative for further fixation and storage (at 4-8 ° C) for about 1 week. All 9 adult capybaras (12-18 months old) displayed ICA regression, which appeared as a more or less advanced ligamentous cord [Reckziegel et al, 2001;Steele et al, 2006] on postmortem examination.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Well-established ET-1, ET A and SYP antibodies were used in the present study that have previously been used in either the study of the vasculature and/or the associated autonomic nerves [Mickey et al, 2002;Loesch et al, 2005;Steele et al, 2006;Loesch et al, 2010a]. In brief, ET-1 monoclonal antibody was raised in mouse against human ET-1 (MCE-6901-01, clone IC4, isotype IgG 1 ; Peninsula Laboratories-Bachem UK Limited, St Helens, UK).…”

Section: Antibodies and Immunohistochemical Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-sections of the BA ( ∼ 100 μm thick) were cut using a vibratome (Technical Product International, Inc., St. Louis, Mo., USA), collected in PBS and processed for EM-I of ET-1, ET A and SYP [Loesch et al, 2005;Steele et al, 2006;Loesch et al, 2010a]. Briefly, sections were exposed to 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in 33% methanol for 45 min (in order to block endogenous peroxidases), washed in PBS and then for ET-1 detection placed for 1 h in a 10% nonimmune normal goat serum (NGS; Nordic Immunology, Tilburg, The Netherlands), while for the detection of ET A and SYP sections were placed in a 10% nonimmune normal horse serum (NHS; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West-Grave, Pa., USA).…”

Section: Em-i Of Et-1 Et a And Sypmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At maturation, at around 1 year of age, ICA regression can be observed in this species [Reckziegel et al, 2001], suggesting that from this stage the main blood supply to the capybara brain is via the BA of the vertebrobasilar system. Morphological features suggesting BA remodeling in capybara during ICA regression have been described [Islam et al, 2004;Steele et al, 2006].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Basilar Artery Perivascular Nerves of Young and Adult Capybaras

Loesch

Dashwood²,

Ribeiro³

2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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The purpose of this qualitative morphological study was the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural comparison of perivascular nerves of the basilar artery (BA) of young (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) capybaras - adult capybaras showed regression of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The study focused on immunolabeling for the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin A receptor (ET_A) as well as for the synapse marker synaptophysin (SYP). In the BA of young capybaras, immunoreactivity for ET-1, ET_A receptor and SYP was detected in perivascular nerve varicosities and/or intervaricosities. Immunoreactivity for ET-1 and ET_A receptor was also displayed by some Schwann cells, which accompanied perivascular nerves. In addition to the presence of the above-described perivascular nerve characteristics, the BA of adult animals also revealed structurally altered perivascular nerves, where axon profiles were irregular in shape with dense axoplasm, while the cytoplasm of Schwann cells was vacuolated and contained myelin-like figures. These structurally altered perivascular nerves displayed immunoreactivity for ET-1, ET_A receptor and SYP. These results show that the ET-1 system is present in some of the BA perivascular nerves and it is likely that this system is affected during animal maturation when ICA regression takes place. The role of ET-1 in cerebrovascular nerves is still unclear but its involvement in neural (sensory) control of cerebral blood flow and nerve function is possible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibodies and Immunohistochemical Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Em-i Of Et-1 Et a And Sypmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Basilar Artery Perivascular Nerves of Young and Adult Capybaras

Loesch

Dashwood²,

Ribeiro³

2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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Anatomical variations in the cerebral arterial circle of the Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis) and Baltic ringed seals (Pusa hispida botnica)

Laakkonen,

Nihtilä,

Jernvall

2023

The Anatomical Record

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The intracranial arterial vascularization of the Saimaa ringed seals (Pusa hispida saimensis; Nordquist, 1899) and Baltic ringed seals (Pusa hispida botnica; Gmelin, 1788) disclosed patterns of anatomical architecture comparable to that of other pinniped species. Arterial silicone casts on skull scaffolds, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the besides joining the caudal communicating arteries upon entering the cerebral arterial circle, the bilateral internal carotid arteries bifurcated as laterally oriented rostral choroidal arteries and rostral cerebral arteries. The latter arteries almost immediately gave off the laterally oriented middle cerebral arteries. Numerous individual variations were evident in differences in the exact branching sites of bilateral vessels or the size or number of arterial branches. Two Saimaa ringed seals had only a tiny foramen for the left internal carotid artery to enter the intracranial space, and the intracranial part of this vessel was short. It did not reach the cerebral arterial circle. The intracranial part of the right internal carotid artery is bifurcated and also supplied the left side of the cerebral arterial circle. Both specimens had aplasia of the left rostral cerebral artery. The intracranial arterial arrangement of Saimaa and Baltic ringed seals reflects the arterial architecture of this body region in terrestrial mammals with little evidence for aquatic adaptations or changes related to thermoregulation.

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Stereological and allometric studies on neurons and axo-dendritic synapses in the superior cervical ganglia of rats, capybaras and horses

et al. 2010

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The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in mammals varies in structure according to developmental age, body size, gender, lateral asymmetry, the size and nuclear content of neurons and the complexity and synaptic coverage of their dendritic trees. In small and medium-sized mammals, neuron number and size increase from birth to adulthood and, in phylogenetic studies, vary with body size. However, recent studies on larger animals suggest that body weight does not, in general, accurately predict neuron number. We have applied design-based stereological tools at the light-microscopic level to assess the volumetric composition of ganglia and to estimate the numbers and sizes of neurons in SCGs from rats, capybaras and horses. Using transmission electron microscopy, we have obtained design-based estimates of the surface coverage of dendrites by postsynaptic apposition zones and model-based estimates of the numbers and sizes of synaptophysin-labelled axo-dendritic synaptic disks. Linear regression analysis of log-transformed data has been undertaken in order to establish the nature of the relationships between numbers and SCG volume (V(scg)). For SCGs (five per species), the allometric relationship for neuron number (N) is N=35,067xV (scg) (0.781) and that for synapses is N=20,095,000xV (scg) (1.328) , the former being a good predictor and the latter a poor predictor of synapse number. Our findings thus reveal the nature of SCG growth in terms of its main ingredients (neurons, neuropil, blood vessels) and show that larger mammals have SCG neurons exhibiting more complex arborizations and greater numbers of axo-dendritic synapses.

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On the atrophy of the internal carotid artery in capybara

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Basilar Artery Perivascular Nerves of Young and Adult Capybaras

Immunoreactive Endothelin-1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Basilar Artery Perivascular Nerves of Young and Adult Capybaras

Anatomical variations in the cerebral arterial circle of the Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis) and Baltic ringed seals (Pusa hispida botnica)

Stereological and allometric studies on neurons and axo-dendritic synapses in the superior cervical ganglia of rats, capybaras and horses

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