On the Analysis of Cutting-Tool Temperatures

Abstract

In modern machine-tool practice, cutting temperatures are assuming increasing importance as cutting speeds and feeds are increased and new materials of construction are introduced. Although methods are available for determining experimentally the mean temperature on the tool face of a cutting tool, it is not possible to determine experimentally the influence of many of the variables influencing this temperature, or to measure conveniently its components. The analytical procedure to be followed in computing cutting temperatures is presented and illustrated by several examples. The relative importance of the several variables influencing tool-face temperatures is discussed and the variables of real significance are listed in order of importance. The only important thermal quantity of the system is the product of the thermal conductivity and the volume of specific heat of the workpiece. Analytical results are employed to explain the unusually high temperatures that are observed in machining titanium alloys.

Similarity and difference in machining at mixed scales using nanostructured coated tools milling hypoeutectoid carbon steel

“…The following sections describe the calculation of forces and temperatures in micromilling of AISI SAE 1020 hypoeutectoid steel (~0.2 wt.% carbon in iron) using methods described in references. [10][11][12]22,24,28,29…”

“…Models for calculating temperature during micromilling integrate thermodynamic principles with the thermal properties of tool, workpiece, and chip. 28,29 The measurement of cutting temperature at the microscale was measured using the Fluke model Ti 45 infra-red (IR) thermal imaging camera. 11 The camera measures temperatures to 1200°C using a 1024 × 786-pixel resolution grating and a thermal sensitivity of 50 mK (spatial resolution ~0.8 mRad and 1200:1 distance to spot).…”

“…To determine the shear plane temperature, Loewen and Shaw’s method 28 is used and involves several iterations. The initial iteration estimates the shear plane temperature, θ s = 58°C, while the ambient temperature, θ o = 25°C.…”

Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology: Aging of Graphitic Cast Irons and Machinability

“…37,39 ............................................ 9 Figure 7 Typical distribution of heat as a function of cutting speed. 40 Data from turning SAE B1113 free-machining steel with K2S with coated carbide tools. ................................................ 10 Figure 8 Tool/chip interface temperature profile from machining low carbon steel at 400 ft/min for thirty seconds.…”

Effect of temperature on milling stability of thin-walled parts

“…Trigger and Chao 3 modified this model by introducing a semi-infinite medium and an adiabatic boundary into the machining and workpiece surface. Loewen and Shaw 4 also adopted Jaeger’s moving heat source method, but they assumed that the shear plane as the heat source moved with the shear velocity rather than the cutting velocity. Many scholars have studied the temperature distribution in intermittent cutting process.…”