On the Alleged "Pre-Sumerian Substratum"

Rubio, Gonzalo

doi:10.2307/1359726

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…5). In addition, we can revive the early study of Landsberger, who suggested that perhaps his Sumerian substrate language Proto-Euphratean could be identified with the 'Ubaid period (Landsberger 1943(Landsberger -1944Rubio 1999). Finally, we can add a comment on the terms "Dilmun" and "Bahrain."…”

Section: Juris Zarinsmentioning

confidence: 89%

New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis

Rose¹

2010

Current Anthropology

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The emerging picture of prehistoric Arabia suggests that early modern humans were able to survive periodic hyperarid oscillations by contracting into environmental refugia around the coastal margins of the peninsula. This paper reviews new paleoenvironmental, archaeological, and genetic evidence from the Arabian Peninsula and southern Iran to explore the possibility of a demographic refugium dubbed the "Gulf Oasis," which is posited to have been a vitally significant zone for populations residing in southwest Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. These data are used to assess the role of this large oasis, which, before being submerged beneath the waters of the Indian Ocean, was well watered by the Tigris, Euphrates, Karun, and Wadi Batin rivers as well as subterranean aquifers flowing beneath the Arabian subcontinent. Inverse to the amount of annual precipitation falling across the interior, reduced sea levels periodically exposed large portions of the Arabo-Persian Gulf, equal at times to the size of Great Britain. Therefore, when the hinterlands were desiccated, populations could have contracted into the Gulf Oasis to exploit its freshwater springs and rivers. This dynamic relationship between environmental amelioration/desiccation and marine transgression/ regression is thought to have driven demographic exchange into and out of this zone over the course of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, as well as having played an important role in shaping the cultural evolution of local human populations during that interval. For Dilmun, the land of my lady's heart, I will create long waterways, rivers and canals, whereby water will flow to quench the thirst of all beings and bring abundance to all that lives. (The promise of Enki the Lord of Sweet Waters to Ninhursag the Earth Mother, from the Sumerian creation myth "Enki and Ninhursag"; Kramer 1945) Introduction: Out of Africa and Into Arabia? The investigation presented in this paper commences with the question of human expansion from Africa into Arabia during the Late Pleistocene (128,000-12,000 BP). Scholars often envision South Arabia as a population corridor, drawing on evidence from archaeozoology (

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Section: Juris Zarinsmentioning

confidence: 89%

New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis

Rose¹

2010

Current Anthropology

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“…gini < *u̯ óih₁nii̯ o-). This apparent variation, particularly in light of similar words in Semitic (Arabic wayn, Hebrew yayin) and Kartvelian (Georgian ḡvino, Laz ḡuini) suggests that these many forms reflect an areal term that spread along with the technology (Beekes 1987, Rubio 1999: 8, Hock & Joseph 2009: 483, Fortson 2010).…”

Section: 14 Areal Words Misanalysed As Proto-variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word families, allofams, and the comparative method

Fellner

Hill

2019

Cah. Linguist. Asie Orient.

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Linguists researching the Trans-Himalayan family do not have a self-perception as working outside the mainstream of historical linguistics, but ‘word families’ and ‘allofams’ are important elements in their thinking despite the absence of these terms in the wider discipline. A close examination of the practice of historical linguistics in Indo-European and Trans-Himalayan leads to the conclusion that those phenomena treated as word families admit superior analyses in more traditional terms.

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“…onwards as temple offerings and as provisions for the workforce (Deimel 1928: 68; Gelb 1970: 85–86; Gelb et al 1991: 68; Landsberger 1967: 6–10; Postgate 1987: 115–117). It is the same with reference to “fresh dates”, Sumerian u 3 -hu-in/u 3 -hi-in (Akkadian u hinnu ) (Roth et al 2010: 44; Deimel 1932: 677; Legrain 1947: 242; Rubio 1999: 5; Postgate 1987: 117). However, the majority of our knowledge about Sumerian date palm cultivation comes from the Ur III and Old Babylonian periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

Paszke¹

2019

Iraq

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The earliest evidence suggesting the human utilisation of wild date palm fruits in the Near East is dated to the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. Despite the lack of archaeological data, it is commonly believed that at the end of the Late Uruk period (c. 3300–3100 B.C.) the Sumerians established the first date palm plantations. Nevertheless, this belief has never been well-proven by any scientific data, which makes this issue open to debate. This article points to the images of the date palm known from the pictographic script from Uruk as an important source of botanical data—a concept which has never been discussed in the literature—and elaborates on the phenotypic traits of the Phoenix dactylifera L. discernible there. It aims to establish the level and condition of horticultural knowledge of the cultivators of the date palm tree in the late fourth millennium B.C.Many of the botanical traits found on the date palm pictographs are noteworthy, especially where the morphology of the crown, trunk, and root zone are concerned. Most importantly, the identification of pictographs representing date palm inflorescences prompts us to the conclusion that the Sumerians discovered the dioecious nature of the Phoenix dactylifera L., selecting the staminate inflorescences to pollinate female trees by at least c. 3300 B.C. The discovery of this method of artificial fertilization was a turning point in Mesopotamian agriculture since it enabled farmers to obtain a better crop while economizing on space and labour, constituting the beginning of the date palm plantations that are still such a feature of present-day Iraq.

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On the Alleged "Pre-Sumerian Substratum"

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis

New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis

Word families, allofams, and the comparative method

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

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