On the Adult Behavioral Repertoire of the Sawfly Perreyia flavipes Konow, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Pergidae): Movement, Mating, and Thanatosis

Neves, Felipe Marcel; Pie, Márcio R.

doi:10.1007/s13744-017-0509-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, adults can also simply fly away, while larvae are less mobile. To our knowledge, thanatosis behaviour has previously been described in adults of only one other sawfly species, Perreyia flavipes (Neves & Pie, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

State-dependency of behavioural traits is a function of the life-stage in a holometabolous insect

Singh

Wolthaus

Schielzeth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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State variables, such as body condition, are important predictors of behavioural traits. Depending on the state of an individual, the costs and benefits associated with different behavioural decisions can vary. An individual's state could affect its average behavioural response and also the behavioural repeatability. Moreover, even for the same state, different behavioural strategies may be adaptive depending on the individual's life-stage. Here, we manipulated the body condition in larvae and adults of a holometabolous insect species, Athalia rosae, using starvation. We assessed the effects of starvation on the behavioural traits of post-contact immobility (PCI) and activity levels and tested their repeatability. Our results show state-dependency of behaviour, although the effect varied with life-stage. Starved larvae exhibited shorter PCI duration and higher activity levels, whereas starved adults were less active than non-starved individuals. Moreover, although most behavioural repeatability estimates were significant in both life-stages, we did not find any significant effect of starvation on the estimates. Next, we calculated standardised effect sizes to compare starvation effects across life stages. We found that starvation had a larger and opposite effect in the larval stage than during the adult stage for all behavioural traits. Finally, we conducted microcosm and no-choice bioassay experiments to examine the benefits and costs, respectively, of the behaviour elicited by starvation in the larval stage. We observed that starved larvae located food faster than non-starved larvae but were also attacked sooner by a predator, possibly due to their higher activity levels. Together, our results demonstrate that behavioural state-dependence is a function of the life-stage of an individual. Moreover, the behavioural strategy exhibited can be adaptive for a specific life-stage with respect to certain functions, like foraging, but also carry costs, like risk of predation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

State-dependency of behavioural traits is a function of the life-stage in a holometabolous insect

Singh

Wolthaus

Schielzeth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…TI has been described—often anecdotally—in a wide range of taxa, but there remain relatively few papers presenting quantitative accounts of the phenomenon. In the invertebrates, it has been suggested to occur (at least) in: crustaceans, stick insects, spiders, butterflies, stoneflies, water-scorpions, cicadas, crickets, mites, beetles, damselfly larvae, ants, bees and wasps (see Cassill et al 2008 for a partial list and references, and the following for a few more recent invertebrate examples: Coutinho et al 2013 ; Ritter et al 2016 ; Cadena-Castañeda et al 2016 ; Neves and Pie 2017 ). In the vertebrates, it has been recorded in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (again, see Cassill et al 2008 for a partial list and references, and the following for a few more recent vertebrate examples: Gally et al 2012 ; Marques et al 2013 ; Sannolo et al 2014 ; Batista et al 2015 ; Muscat et al 2016 ; Sanchéz Paniagua and Abarca 2016 ; Patel et al 2016 ; de Castro et al 2017 ; Freret-Meurer et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Taxonomic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour

Humphreys

Ruxton

2018

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

169

138

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Thanatosis—also known as death-feigning and, we argue more appropriately, tonic immobility (TI)—is an under-reported but fascinating anti-predator strategy adopted by diverse prey late on in the predation sequence, and frequently following physical contact by the predator. TI is thought to inhibit further attack by predators and reduce the perceived need of the predator to subdue prey further. The behaviour is probably present in more taxa than is currently described, but even within well-studied groups the precise taxonomic distribution is unclear for a number of practical and ethical reasons. Here we synthesise the key studies investigating the form, function, evolutionary and ecological costs and benefits of TI. This review also considers the potential evolutionary influence of certain predator types in the development of the strategy in prey, and the other non-defensive contexts in which TI has been suggested to occur. We believe that there is a need for TI to be better appreciated in the scientific literature and outline potentially profitable avenues for investigation. Future use of technology in the wild should yield useful developments for this field of study.Significance statementAnti-predatory defences are crucial to many aspects of behavioural ecology. Thanatosis (often called death-feigning) has long been an under-appreciated defence, despite being taxonomically and ecologically widespread. We begin by providing much-needed clarification on both terminology and definition. We demonstrate how apparently disparate observations in the recent literature can be synthesised through placing the behaviour within a cost-benefit framework in comparison to alternative behavioural choices, and how aspects of the ecology differentially affect costs and benefits. Extending this, we provide novel insights into why the evolution of thanatosis can be understood in terms of coevolution between predators and prey. We offer further novel hypotheses, and discuss how these can be tested, focussing on how emerging technologies can be of great use in developing our understanding of thanatosis in free-living animals.

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“…There are countless examples within the animal kingdom that playing dead saves lives (Figure 10). Thanatosis or death-feigning occurs in invertebrates (82)(83)(84)(85) and vertebrates (86,87), including mammals (88,89) and possibly humans (90), indicating that it is a phylogenetically highly preserved phenomenon. Thanatosis is an anti-predator strategy and the terminal defense response when all other options of fight or flight are futile (91)(92)(93)(94).…”

Section: Figure 10 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurology of Death and the Dying Brain: A Pictorial Essay

Kondziella

2020

Front. Neurol.

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As neurologists earn their living with the preservation and restoration of brain function, they are also well-positioned to address the science behind the transition from life to death. This essay in pictures highlights areas of neurological expertise needed for brain death determination; shows pitfalls to avoid during the clinical examination and interpretation of confirmatory laboratory tests in brain death protocols; illustrates the great variability of brain death legislations around the world; discusses arguments for the implementation of donation after circulatory death (DCD); points to unresolved questions related to DCD and the time between cardiac standstill and organ procurement ("hands-off period"); provides an overview of the epidemiology and semiology of near-death experiences, including their importance for religion, literature, and the visual arts; suggests biological mechanisms for near-death experiences such as dysfunction of temporoparietal cortex, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism, migraine aura, and rapid eye movement sleep; hypothesizes that thanatosis (aka. death-feigning, a common behavioral trait in the animal kingdom) represents the evolutionary origin of neardeath experiences; and speculates about the future implications of recent attempts of brain resuscitation in an animal model. The aim is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding that the boundaries within the neurology of death and the dying brain are being pushed just like everywhere else in the clinical neurosciences.

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On the Adult Behavioral Repertoire of the Sawfly Perreyia flavipes Konow, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Pergidae): Movement, Mating, and Thanatosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

State-dependency of behavioural traits is a function of the life-stage in a holometabolous insect

State-dependency of behavioural traits is a function of the life-stage in a holometabolous insect

A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour

The Neurology of Death and the Dying Brain: A Pictorial Essay

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