“…Accordingly, the EU's renovation wave initiative aims at increasing the renovation rate with 3% per year which must result in renovating 35 million buildings in the EU by 2030 (European Commission, 2020c), and 1.5 million dwellings in the Netherlands (Rijksoverheid, 2019c(Rijksoverheid, , 2021. Despite the urgency, the housing market remains reluctant to innovate toward a low-carbon housing stock (van Oorschot, 2020). Moreover, Figure 1.1 reveals that reductions must increase more rapidly than 'business as usual' to meet the climate goals.…”