On the activity of bimetallic catalysts for ethanol steam reforming

Oxidative and non-oxidative steam reforming of crude bio-ethanol for hydrogen production over Rh promoted Ni/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 catalyst

“…The change in surface area and pore 4 volume of used 1%Rh-30%Ni/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 catalyst was slightly lesser as compared to the 5 unpromoted catalyst because of lesser carbon deposition. This result clearly indicates that Rh-6 promoted catalyst shows less deactivation 7. To investigate the changes occurred in the catalysts after steam reforming reaction, the 8 XRD analysis of the used catalysts was carried out.…”

“…This 5 indicates that the deactivation occurred mainly due to deposition of less structured graphitic 6 carbon. 7 The amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst after steam reforming was measured by 8 TGA method. Based on TGA results, it was observed that the weight loss of the catalyst occurred …”

Renewable Hydrogen from Ethanol Reforming over CeO2-SiO2 Based Catalysts

“…The lack of diffraction peaks related to Pt phases could be attributed to low loading of metal, small size of Pt crystallites and high dispersion of metal particles [43]. The results of TEM-EDAX Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray Spectroscopy (FEI Tecnai F20, San Martino Buon Albergo, Italy) analysis (discussed in a previous work and not shown), displayed that Pt signal is linked to Ni particles and this result suggests the formation of a solid solution between Pt and Ni [44]. However, no shift peak was observed in the XRD spectra ( Figure 1) and only signals ascribable to NiO are visible.…”

“…The peak observed at 109 • C is associated with the reduction of the surface PtO x phase. However, the main H 2 consumption peak observed at T < 200 • C may result from the reduction of a PtNi [44] alloy or by means of the just reduced Pt particles, able to provide dissociate hydrogen (H 2 spillover) for reducing nearby NiO phases [54]. In fact, the total hydrogen uptake in the low temperature range (1062 µmol/g cat ) is much higher than that required for the complete reduction of PtO x species (308 µmol/g cat ).…”

Effect of MnOx in the catalytic stabilization of Co2MnO4 spinel during the ethanol steam reforming reaction

“…Extensive research [1][2][3][4][5] has found that Ni-based catalysts form a NiAl 2 O 4 spinel structure [6][7][8] through strong sintering with an alumina support during SR (steam reforming), and the structure is a cause of catalyst deterioration. Therefore, catalysts without Ni have been studied recently [9,10].…”