On the Absence of Obsolescence

Campbell, Steven

doi:10.1109/mahc.2009.124

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For instance, a recent review of low-cost computing approaches in ICT4D [19] did not mention second-hand computers as a cost-control strategy and also assumed a maximum five-year lifespan per computer. More generally, it has been noted that there is a surprising lack of discussion of obsolescence within the larger computer science community [5].…”

Section: Obsolete Computers and Hci4dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of play

Lomas

Kumar

Patel

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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One consequence of rapid advances in computer technology is the obsolescence of hundreds of millions of computers each year. This paper explores strategies for increasing the reuse of outdated computers through an investigation of an 8-bit home computer that is still popular in developing countries. We observed the use of the computers in 16 households in Ahmedabad and Bangalore, India in order to gain insight into the contextual factors that support the continued popularity of the device. While most computers become obsolete in less than a decade, this 30-year-old computer technology remains useful because it provides exciting, multi-user family entertainment. While having minimal processing power and virtually no connectivity, the 8-bit computer supports input and output channels that are especially suited for co-located social game play. In contrast, PCs are primarily designed for individual use. Therefore, we offer low-cost design recommendations that would enable outdated PCs to support greater shared use and increased utility within the constrained material context of low-income households. These simple interventions, if adopted by computer refurbishment industries, have the potential to significantly extend the useful lifespan of PCs.

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Section: Obsolete Computers and Hci4dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of play

Lomas

Kumar

Patel

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…We show that obsolescence is not an automatic process of decay and replacement. Instead, old technologies remain in widespread use, upgraded and shaped to modern uses (Campbell, ).…”

Section: Introduction – the Reality Of Stretchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretch: how innovation continues once investment is made

Aylen

2013

R & D Management

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Process industries are characterised by large fixed items of capital equipment. This paper asks how innovation takes place once these plants are built. Stretch is the mechanism by which established plants incorporate improvements in process and product technology, and make higher output and new products as a result. A taxonomy of 'stretch' is proposed looking at five interrelated features: improved intensity of hardware use through experience and better maintenance; system-wide effects of improvements in feedstock and downstream processing; 'bolt-on goodies' and physical reconstruction of existing plants; and quality enhancement and new products. Intensity of use encompasses familiar learning effects, but also enhanced maintenance. Evidence for stretch is given for wide strip mills built under Marshall Aid, but the concept has wider application across process industries, manufacturing, transport and services. From a theoretical point of view, stretch is the expression of evolutionary problem solving. The practical implication is that research and development management should encourage cross-functional collaboration. Creative and unorthodox personnel need to work in routine areas such as maintenance. Results-orientated production managers need to accept risky interventions in production schedules to allow continuing innovation. Stretch, v. fig. 'to enlarge or amplify beyond proper or natural limits; to extend unduly the scope, application or meaning of' 1553.

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