“…The supported template fabrication process [49][50][51][52] begins with the anodization of a ∼1-μm-thick Al layer sputtered onto the Au (20 nm)/Ta (5 nm)/sapphire substrate. Two periodic arrays of Ni 80 Fe 20 (Py) nanowires were fabricated by electrodeposition of Py into thin-film alumina templates (about 1.1 μm thick) using the Au layer at the bottom of the pores as a working electrode for subsequent electrodeposition.…”
Section: Details Of the Experiments And Micromagnetic Simulation Pmentioning
The static and dynamic magnetic properties of magnetic nanowire arrays with high packing density (>0.4) and wire diameter much greater than the exchange length have been studied by static and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements and micromagnetic simulations. The nanowires were formed by electrodeposition within a nanoporous template such that their symmetry axes lay normal to the plane of the substrate. A quantitative and systematic investigation has been made of the static and dynamic properties of the array, which lie between the limiting cases of a single wire and a continuous ferromagnetic thin film. In particular, the competition between anisotropies associated with the shape of the individual nanowires and that of the array as a whole has been studied. Measured and simulated hysteresis loops are largely anhysteretic with zero remanence, and the micromagnetic configuration is such that the net magnetization vanishes in directions orthogonal to the applied field. Simulations of the remanent state reveal antiferromagnetic alignment of the magnetization in adjacent nanowires and the formation of vortex flux closure structures at the ends of each nanowire. The excitation spectra obtained from experiment and micromagnetic simulations are in qualitative agreement for magnetic fields applied both parallel and perpendicular to the axes of the nanowires. For the field parallel to the nanowire axes, there is also good quantitative agreement between experiment and simulation. The resonant frequencies are initially found to decrease as the applied field is increased from remanence. This is the result of a change of mode profile within the plane of the array from nonuniform to uniform as the ground state evolves with increasing applied field. Quantitative differences between experimental and simulated spectra are observed when the field is applied perpendicular to the nanowire axes. The dependence of the magnetic excitation spectra upon the array packing density is explored, and dispersion curves for spin waves propagating within the array parallel to the nanowire axis are presented. Finally, a tunneling of end modes through the middle region of the nanowires was observed. The tunneling is more efficient for wires forming densely packed arrays, as a result of the extended penetration of the dynamic demagnetizing fields into the middle of the wires and due to the lowering of the tunneling barrier by the static demagnetizing field of the array.
“…The supported template fabrication process [49][50][51][52] begins with the anodization of a ∼1-μm-thick Al layer sputtered onto the Au (20 nm)/Ta (5 nm)/sapphire substrate. Two periodic arrays of Ni 80 Fe 20 (Py) nanowires were fabricated by electrodeposition of Py into thin-film alumina templates (about 1.1 μm thick) using the Au layer at the bottom of the pores as a working electrode for subsequent electrodeposition.…”
Section: Details Of the Experiments And Micromagnetic Simulation Pmentioning
The static and dynamic magnetic properties of magnetic nanowire arrays with high packing density (>0.4) and wire diameter much greater than the exchange length have been studied by static and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements and micromagnetic simulations. The nanowires were formed by electrodeposition within a nanoporous template such that their symmetry axes lay normal to the plane of the substrate. A quantitative and systematic investigation has been made of the static and dynamic properties of the array, which lie between the limiting cases of a single wire and a continuous ferromagnetic thin film. In particular, the competition between anisotropies associated with the shape of the individual nanowires and that of the array as a whole has been studied. Measured and simulated hysteresis loops are largely anhysteretic with zero remanence, and the micromagnetic configuration is such that the net magnetization vanishes in directions orthogonal to the applied field. Simulations of the remanent state reveal antiferromagnetic alignment of the magnetization in adjacent nanowires and the formation of vortex flux closure structures at the ends of each nanowire. The excitation spectra obtained from experiment and micromagnetic simulations are in qualitative agreement for magnetic fields applied both parallel and perpendicular to the axes of the nanowires. For the field parallel to the nanowire axes, there is also good quantitative agreement between experiment and simulation. The resonant frequencies are initially found to decrease as the applied field is increased from remanence. This is the result of a change of mode profile within the plane of the array from nonuniform to uniform as the ground state evolves with increasing applied field. Quantitative differences between experimental and simulated spectra are observed when the field is applied perpendicular to the nanowire axes. The dependence of the magnetic excitation spectra upon the array packing density is explored, and dispersion curves for spin waves propagating within the array parallel to the nanowire axis are presented. Finally, a tunneling of end modes through the middle region of the nanowires was observed. The tunneling is more efficient for wires forming densely packed arrays, as a result of the extended penetration of the dynamic demagnetizing fields into the middle of the wires and due to the lowering of the tunneling barrier by the static demagnetizing field of the array.
“…[11] Values of EFs have been investigated and estimated in many different studies mainly for various types of colloidal silver [12 -14] and gold [15 -17] substrates but much less for nanostructured large substrates. [18] For example, the EF on gold colloid [19,20] calculated by the usual method was found to be about 10 5 . Very different values of the EF can be found for silver systems; relatively low values of about 10 2 -10 4 were achieved on silver sols by Mukherjee et al, [21] while a value of about 10 7 -10 10 was obtained also on Ag sols by Le et al [15] The successful application of metal NPs in SERS strongly depends on the physical characteristics of the metal and its surface properties (shape, size and aggregation state of metal nanofeatures).…”
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an analytical method for the detection of low amounts of analytes adsorbed on an appropriate coinage metal (Au, Ag, Cu) surface. Generally, the values of the enhancement factor are the highest on silver, lower on gold and relatively very low on copper. In this study, we have focused on the estimation of the enhancement factors of copper surface/substrates formed by different preparation procedures. The SERS activity of large electrochemically prepared substrates and colloidal systems is compared. The surface morphology of the large substrates was studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The size distribution of colloidal nanoparticles was monitored by dynamic light scattering. The values of enhancement factor are in both cases more than 10 5 for the FT-SERS spectra, demonstrating the fundamental role of nanostructured copper as a substrate material at the excitation wavelength (1064 nm) used.
“…This demonstrates that PAAF is well suited for the processing of affordable SERS substrates with reproducible SERS enhancement, Figure 10 ( Habouti et al, 2011a). The effect of Au-NR morphology on signal enhancement is demonstrated in Figure 11 (Habouti et al, 2011b).…”
Section: Some Applications Of Ordered Nanostructure Filmsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…More promising applications may be in electrocatalysis and hydrogen gas sensing using Pt and Pd-NRs and NT (Dar et al, 2012), in electrochemical FIGURE 11 | Morphology effects of supported Au-NR on the SERS signal of R6G. The SERS signal on P1 (corrugated morphology) is reproducible over the whole substrate while that of P2 (smooth morphology) is obtained only on isolated areas (Habouti et al, 2011b). The SEM micrographs of both morphologies are shown on the right-hand side.…”
Section: Some Applications Of Ordered Nanostructure Filmsmentioning
Supported anodized alumina template films with highly ordered porosity are best suited for fabricating large-area ordered nanostructures with tunable dimensions and aspect ratios. In this paper, we first discuss important issues for the generation of such templates, including required properties of the Al/Ti/Au/Ti thin-film heterostructure on a substrate for high-quality templates. We then show examples of anisotropic nanostructure films consisting of noble metals using these templates, discuss briefly their optical properties and their applications to molecular detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Finally, we briefly address the possibility to make nanocomposite films, exemplary shown on a plasmonic-thermochromic nanocomposite of VO 2 -capped Au-nanorods.
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