On strict and facultative biennials

Kelly, Dave

doi:10.1007/bf00384302

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, for many species reproduction is known to reduce the probability of survival; indeed, in monocarpic plant species reproduction is invariably lethal (Law 1979;Reznick 1985;Watkinson and White 1985;Geber 1990). When discussing biennials Kelly (1985) distinguished two types: strict biennials, which only flower in their second year, and facultative biennials, which often flower in their second year but may take 3 or 4 yr. Here, I consider two types of model.…”

Section: Costs C?f'reproductiot?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In semelparous species in which the timing of reproduction is age-dependent, the life cycle follows a rigid sequence (Kelly 1985) and models of the form described by equation (10) are required. Such life cycles can affect the evolution of seed dormancy in several possible ways, particularly when the population becomes dominated by a single cohort.…”

Section: Costs Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Rees

1994

The American Naturalist

200

150

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Abstr.~lc,t.-The effects of adult longevity, the timing of reproduction. and population ageistage structure on the evolution of seed dormancy are explored in both constant and variable environment modcls. In the constant environment modcls complete germination is the cvolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) regardless of adult longevity. Incorporating a cost of reproduction on subsequent survival does not alter this result. In contrast, in a variable environment changes in adult longevity can exert a strong selection pressure against seed dormancy. Incorporating a cost of reproduction for iteroparous species reduces adult longevity, which selects for more seed dormancy. The magnitude of the change in ESS germination probability depends on several factors, including which life-history stage is variable (e.g., fecundity, seedling survival), whether seeds can detect favorable sites for establishment, and the ageistage structure of the population. In general, increases in adult longevity select against seed dormancy, but exceptions to this pattern are discussed. The idea that established plant traits arc uncoupled from those of the regenerative phase, as assumed by J. P. Grime's competition-stress-rude131 model, is considered critically.

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Section: Costs C?f'reproductiot?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Costs Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Rees

1994

The American Naturalist

200

150

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“…Several studies have attempted to quantify the selective advantages of delayed reproduction in monocarpic plants (Lacey & Pace 1983;Reinartz 1984;Kachi & Hirose 1985;Kelly 1985aKelly ,b, 1989de Jong et al 1989). Most were designed to show that delayed owering is adaptive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of flowering strategies inOenothera glazioviana: an integral projection model approach

Rees

Rose

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The timing of reproduction is a key determinant of tness. Here, we develop parameterized integral projection models of size-related owering for the monocarpic perennial Oenothera glazioviana and use these to predict the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for owering. For the most part there is excellent agreement between the model predictions and the results of quantitative eld studies. However, the model predicts a much steeper relationship between plant size and the probability of owering than observed in the eld, indicating selection for a 'threshold size' owering function. Elasticity and sensitivity analysis of population growth rate l and net reproductive rate R 0 are used to identify the critical traits that determine tness and control the ESS for owering. Using the tted model we calculate the tness landscape for invading genotypes and show that this is characterized by a ridge of approximately equal tness. The implications of these results for the maintenance of genetic variation are discussed.

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“…Firstly, biennials may be facultative. Kelly (1985) proposed the term "facultative biennial" for the majority of biennials that do not flower invariably in their second year, i.e., they flower once they have amassed sufficient resources to do so, in 1 year, 2 years, or more. Secondly, there may be variation within a species, between populations, or within populations.…”

Section: Seed Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the genusGentianellain New Zealand

Glenny

2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Previous work on Gentianella and related genera is reviewed, particularly the taxonomic history of the New Zealand gentians and their generic placement. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences shows the New Zealand gentians belong in Gentianella. The recently described Australasian genus Chionogentias is preceded by earlier names applied to South American species that belong in a Southern Hemisphere clade.Thirty species are recognised, including seven new species (G. angustifolia, G. calcis, G. decumbens, G. luteoalba, G. impressinervia, G. scopulorum, and G. stellata) and one species (G. magnifica) raised from varietal status. The identity of G. patula is clarified and the specific status of G. amabilis is affirmed. Thirteen subspecies are recognised, including a new subspecies within G. astonii (subsp. arduana) and four within a new calcicole species G. calcis (subspp. calcis, waipara, manahune, taiko). New subspecies are also made in G. corymbifera (subsp. gracilis), G. montana (subsp. ionostigma), and G. chathamica (subsp. nemorosa). G. montana var. stolonifera is the only existing variety this treatment continues to recognise. Four previously recognised species are reduced to synonymy (G. gracilifolia, G. matthewsii, G. tereticaulis, and G. townsonii). Descriptions and keys are provided for all species and subspecies recognised.Evidence is limited, but Gentianella appears to have arrived in New Zealand from South America either once or twice, and has probably dispersed once from New Zealand to Australia. Zealand appears to be in the southern half of the South Island. An initial radiation in the lower South Island was followed by northward range extensions and dispersal events. A second radiation occurred in the Nelson and Marlborough mountains.

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On strict and facultative biennials

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Delayed Germination of Seeds: A Look at the Effects of Adult Longevity, the Timing of Reproduction, and Population Age/Stage Structure

Evolution of flowering strategies inOenothera glazioviana: an integral projection model approach

A revision of the genusGentianellain New Zealand

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