On spirality in the intestinal wall

Elsen, John; Arey, Leslie B.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001180103

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…No explanation in the muscle layer could be found for the anatomy of haustration, the origin of diverticular sacs, or the sequential nature of colon contractions. ADDENDUM Elsen and Arey (1966), using dissection of fresh specimens to determine whether the gut muscle has a spiral organization, present results which partly confirm and do not conflict with the findings of the present paper. Some additional reference to the problem of the muscular structure of intestine in general will be found in their paper.…”

Section: An Account Of the Relationship Of The Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

Organization of the muscular wall of the human colon.

Pace¹,

Williams²

1969

Gut

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The colon is the portion of the alimentary tract that has generated least interest among investigators and although the last decade has seen new methods applied to physiological problems in the large bowel, the detailed anatomy of the muscular layer remains a neglected subject, with the successfully located articles which consider this matter very few in number.Each of us undertook an independent investigation and in this field of pattern recognition where observer error can be very gross, our conclusions have been surprisingly similar, so much so that a common set of photographs serves to illustrate the results. MATERIALS AND METHODSAn independent investigation was carried out by each of us using similar methods but on different material.In the first series (J.L.P.), postmortem specimens were used and included only colons removed from patients who had died of conditions unrelated to colonic disease. The colons were obtained within 12 to 24 hours of death, and were left in 10% formol saline for not less than 24 hours or in Carnoy's fluid for a few hours. Some were fixed in distension and others undistended. Portions from the different regions of the colon, some including a taenia and others from the intertaenial wall, were examined. Small pieces (about 5 x 5 cm) were removed and the serosa, mucosa, and submucosa dissected away. More than 30 specimens were examined. Portions of the colonic wall (12 specimens) were also treated enzymatically before dissection using Camoy-fixed material, by incubation at 37°C for 16 hours in a 1 mg/ml collagenase solution in normal saline. This technique removes the connective tissue from between the fasciculi, which were thus rendered looser and easier to follow.

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Section: An Account Of the Relationship Of The Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

Organization of the muscular wall of the human colon.

Pace¹,

Williams²

1969

Gut

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“…18 The banding pattern for rat and bovine intestine was first reported by Fackler ef ul . ,' but the origin of the pattern was not analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Organization of Collagen Fibers in the Intestine

Orberg

Baer

Hiltner

1983

Connective Tissue Research

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The characteristic extinction pattern which is observed when the submucosa is viewed in the optical polarizing microscope has been analyzed in terms of the configuration and orientation of the 4 micron diameter collagen fibers. It is shown that the observed polarization effects are produced by periodic variations in orientation of fully birefringent fibers. The fiber configuration required to produce the observed polarization effects is a tilted wave configuration with a crimp period of approximately 20 micron. In the model, the tilted waveform fibers are crimped in register and form parallel arrays. The arrays are oriented in layers at approximately +30 degrees and -30 degrees to the longitudinal direction and are mirror images of each other. Analysis of the extinction pattern shows that the model satisfactorily accounts for the observed polarization effects at several different angles of the crossed polaroids. The calculated strain necessary to straighten the wavy fibers of the model correlates well with the observed strain to uncrimp the collagen fibers in the intestine. This suggests that the initial response to stress is gradual uncrimping of the collagen fibers, and concurrently, a decrease in the angle between biaxially oriented fibers, rather than extension of the straight fibers.

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“…Although this finding is intriguing, there is no obvious explanation for it. Smooth muscle has been described as being helically arranged in other tubular structures, including the gut (9,15), the ureter (14), and the vasculature (12). In these organs, the musclaris is far more complete than in the airways, and muscle fibers are arranged in well-defined layers that may run perpendicular to each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway smooth muscle orientation in intraparenchymal airways

Lei

Ghezzo

Chen

et al. 1997

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Airway smooth muscle (ASM) shortening is the central event leading to bronchoconstriction. The degree to which airway narrowing occurs as a consequence of shortening is a function of both the mechanical properties of the airway wall as well as the orientation of the muscle fibers. Although the latter is theoretically important, it has not been systematically measured to date. The purpose of this study was to determine the angle of orientation of ASM (theta) in normal lungs by using a morphometric approach. We analyzed the airway tree of the left lower lobes of four cats and one human. All material was fixed with 10% buffered Formalin at a pressure of 25 cmH2O for 48 h. The fixed material was dissected along the airway tree to permit isolation of generations 4-18 in the cats and generations 5-22 in the human specimen. Each airway generation was individually embedded in paraffin. Five-micrometer-thick serial sections were cut parallel to the airway long axis and stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron. Each block yielded three to five sections containing ASM. To determine theta, we measured the orientation of ASM nuclei relative to the transverse axis of the airway by using a digitizing tablet and a light microscope (x250) equipped with a drawing tube attachment. Inspection of the sections revealed extensive ASM crisscrossing without a homogeneous orientation. The theta was clustered between -20 degrees and 20 degrees in all airway generations and did not vary much between generations in any of the cats or in the human specimen. When theta was expressed without regard to sign, the mean values were 13.2 degrees in the cats and 13.1 degrees in the human. This magnitude of obliquity is not likely to result in physiologically important changes in airway length during bronchoconstriction.

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On spirality in the intestinal wall

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Organization of the muscular wall of the human colon.

Organization of the muscular wall of the human colon.

Organization of Collagen Fibers in the Intestine

Airway smooth muscle orientation in intraparenchymal airways

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