On some Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Bahia, northeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species

Farias, Jamile; Souza, Facelucia B.C.; Vieira, Leandro M.; Almeida, Ana C.S.

doi:10.1007/s12526-020-01088-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…There is a vast literature on different aspects of polymorphism in bryozoan colonies; many studies concern presumable functions of different heteromorphs (e.g., Chimonides & Cook, 1981; Cook, 1963, 1985; Cook & Chimonides, 1978; Harvell, 1994; Johnston, 1847; Kaufmann, 1968; Kaufmann, 1971; Lidgard et al, 2012; Marcus & Marcus, 1962; McKinney & Jackson, 1991a; Ryland, 1970; Schack et al, 2019; Winston, 1984, 1986, 1991). Numerous recent studies have focused on the shape and size of avicularia (e.g., Carter et al, 2010a; Cheetham et al, 2006; Farias et al, 2020; Figuerola et al, 2013; Vieira et al, 2012) because they are taxonomically important. Bryozoan heteromorphs, especially avicularia, are usually much smaller than autozooids, and this makes them difficult to research (e.g., Carter et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous recent studies have focused on the shape and size of avicularia (e.g., Carter (c) Basal surface of the colony fragment (SEM; distal end of zooids to the left). as, attachment sole; av, avicularia; az, autozooid; las, lateral attachment sole; pp 1, distal pore plate at the basal surface of autozooid; pp 2, proximal pore plate at the basal surface of autozooid et al, 2010a;Cheetham et al, 2006;Farias et al, 2020;Figuerola et al, 2013;Vieira et al, 2012) because they are taxonomically important. Bryozoan heteromorphs, especially avicularia, are usually much smaller than autozooids, and this makes them difficult to research (e.g., Carter et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure of rhizoids in the marine bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomata)

Shunatova

Denisova

Shchenkov

2021

Journal of Morphology

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Bryozoans form colonies of iterated modules, termed zooids, and display varying degrees of polymorphism. Polymorphic colonies comprise autozooids (or feeding zooids) and heteromorphic zooids, among which the most common types are avicularia and kenozooids. Kenozooids differ in shape, size, and presumed function. Among this diversity, there are rhizoids, which serve to attach colonies to the substrate or to lift them above it. To date, only general data on anatomy of kenozooids at light microscopy level are available. Here, we present the first description of the ultrastructure of the holdfast‐like rhizoids of the cheilostome bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa. The rhizoid wall is composed of a single‐layered epidermis, which produces the ectocyst. The voluminous cavity is acoelomate: it has no special cellular lining, nor any signs of an extracellular matrix toward the epidermis. It is traversed by delicate branching funicular strands that originate from the pore plate. The only cells in contact with the epidermis are the cells of the funicular system and the storage cells. The pore plate between the rhizoid and autozooid includes a variable number of communication pores. Each pore is plugged with a rosette complex, which includes a cincture cell and four special cells extending through the pore. The limiting cells are absent, and the special cells are in direct contact with the funicular strands. Cell contacts between special cells are absent; moreover, there are spaces between their proximal lobes filled with a heterogeneous matrix similar to that in the lumen of the funicular strands. Such matrix is also found outside of the extracellular matrix surrounding the special cells. These findings allow us to suggest that nutrient transport most likely occurs between, rather than through, the special cells. However, further studies are needed to understand how the rosette complex functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of rhizoids in the marine bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomata)

Shunatova

Denisova

Shchenkov

2021

Journal of Morphology

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“…Serova et al (2016, 2017) reported some details on avicularian nervous system in seven cheilostome species using confocal microscopy. Due to the high taxonomic importance of avicularia, recent studies focus mainly on the morphometric analysis of these polymorphs (e.g., Carter et al, 2010b; Cheetham et al, 2006; Farias et al, 2020; Figuerola et al, 2013; Vieira et al, 2014) or their palatal morphology (e.g., Carter et al, 2010a). There is a single recent study describing the formation of the avicularium in Bugulina californica (Yamaguchi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small, but smart: Fine structure of an avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)

Shunatova

Serova

Denisova

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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Bryozoans are small benthic suspension‐feeding colonial animals. Among this phylum, there are representatives showing a lesser or greater degree of polymorphism, and the most common type of polymorphic zooids is the avicularium. Here we present a detailed description of the bird's‐head shaped avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa. The body cavity of the avicularium demonstrates an acoelomate condition: along the cystid walls, there is neither the layer of extracellular matrix toward the epidermis, nor coelomic lining. However, a layer of extracellular matrix and epithelialized cells lie under the epidermis of the tentacle sheath. Probably, such construction helps the tentacle sheath to acquire some rigidity—it is the only region of the body wall without an ectocyst. We did not find typical funicular strands in the avicularium, but there is a delicate mesh composed of stellate cells with thin and long projections, which sometimes isolate the spaces filled with a heterogeneous matrix. The proximal ends of the adductors, abductors, and polypide retractors are attached to the body wall via typical epidermal tendon cells, which possess numerous bundles of tonofilaments. The distal ends of the abductors and adductors attach to the frontal membrane or upper vestibular membrane, respectively. The inner organic layer of the ectocyst in these regions forms large protrusions, from which numerous thin outgrowths branch off. We suggest them to be a functional analogue of apodemes and apodemal filaments in arthropods. “Apodemal” tendon cells have long and thin projections that line the outgrowths of the ectocyst and surround the distal ends of the muscle cells. At these sites, “apodemal” tendon cells possess numerous tonofilaments. The vestigial polypide includes the tentacle sheath, rudimentary lophophore, cerebral ganglion, and polypide retractors. The sensory part of 5HT‐positive cells of the frontal membrane is dendrite‐shaped and embedded in the inner organic layer of the ectocyst.

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The role of artificial habitats on fouling bryozoan fauna in the southwestern Atlantic

Xavier

Almeida

Vieira

2021

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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On some Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Bahia, northeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Ultrastructure of rhizoids in the marine bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomata)

Ultrastructure of rhizoids in the marine bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomata)

Small, but smart: Fine structure of an avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)

The role of artificial habitats on fouling bryozoan fauna in the southwestern Atlantic

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