On some Lunulitiform bryozoa

Marcus, Eveline du Bois‐Reymond; Marcus, Ernst

doi:10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1962.120591

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cupuladriids move slowly over the sediment surface (Marcus & Marcus 1962, Cook 1963, Greeley 1967. None of the 'sophisticated' movements observed in the free-living Lunulitiids (Selenaria), whose colonies prop themselves high above the sediment surface, climb over objects, and right themselves if overturned (Cook & Chimonides 1978, Chimonides & Cook 1981 were noted in the present study.…”

Section: Locomotioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Colonies are abundant when conditions permit, with densities of 1 to 10 colonies m -2 (Lagaaij 1963, Cadée 1975, Marcus & Marcus 1962), a pattern frequently seen in the fossil record of sandy and silty Cenozoic deposits around the world (Cook & Chimonides 1983, O'Dea et al 2008. Cupuladriids propagate both sexually and asexually (Dartevelle 1932, Baluk & Radwanski 1977, Winston 1988, Thomsen & Håkansson 1995, Håkansson & Thomsen 2001).…”

Section: Biology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encrusting bryozoans evade the problem by utilising protected habitats such as the under-surface of stones or corals, or surfaces where currents remove sediment, such as algal fronds (Jackson 1979, McKinney & Jackson 1989, while erect growth is intrinsically better suited to the shedding of sediment with vertical rather than horizontally arranged frontal walls. Cupuladriids actively dislodge settling sediment with their mandibles (Busk 1859, Marcus & Marcus 1962, Lagaaij 1963, Cook 1968, Cadée 1975, Winston 1988) and this may be why cupuladriids are able to thrive in low energy environments that are almost devoid of other epibenthic filter feeders. Sediments with high mud content typically reflect lower turbulence (Ferguson & Church 2006) and cupuladriids with longer mandibles are more abundant in muddier sediments (Fig.…”

Section: Hazards Of Sedimentation and Epibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation of form to life habit in free-living cupuladriid bryozoans

O’Dea¹

2009

Aquat. Biol.

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Since the late Mesozoic, several bryozoan groups have occupied unstable soft-sediment habitats by adopting a free-living and motile mode of life. Today, the free-living bryozoans often dominate epibenthic faunal communities in these expansive habitats, yet their biology and ecology remain poorly understood. This study examines their unique mode of life by exploring the relationship between form and function in the free-living Cupuladriidae of tropical America. Cupuladriid species occupy distinct niches in water depth and sediment type, and these variables correlate with a variety of morphological traits amongst species, thereby helping formulate hypotheses on functional morphology. These hypotheses were tested with disturbance, burial and mobility experiments. Species deal both passively and actively with disturbance and burial. Colony size and shape passively influences colony stability on the sea floor, susceptibility to burial and the ability to emerge once buried. Movable mandibles (setae) assist in emergence following burial, actively increase colony stability, and deter the settlement and disruption of encrusting growth of other organisms. Mandibles also enable colonies to move over the sea floor, but such behaviour appears to be of minimal benefit to avoid predation or to influence dispersal. Disturbance on the sea floor is the most important factor in driving the convergent evolution of the mobile free-living form. Colony shape and size and the employment of mandibles to improve stability, return to the surface after burial, and remove epibiota are central to the post-Mesozoic success of free-living bryozoans. Colonies of free-living bryozoans dig to the surface using setae (blue) after being buried; this explains their long-term success on unstable sediments (scale bars: 500 µm).

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Section: Locomotioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Biology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazards Of Sedimentation and Epibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relation of form to life habit in free-living cupuladriid bryozoans

O’Dea¹

2009

Aquat. Biol.

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“…2) (e.g. Dartevelle 1932, Marcus & Marcus 1962, Lagaiij 1963, Cook 1965, Baluk & Radwanski 1977, Håkansson & Winston 1985, Winston 1988, Cook & Chimonides 1994, Thomsen & Håkansson 1995, Håkansson & Thomsen 2001, Dick et al 2003.…”

Section: Sexual and Asexual Propagation In Cupuladriid Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These colonies were classed as sexually produced colonies with evidence of asexual growth for fragmentation and regeneration analysis. Colonies derived via budding of a parent colony (Marcus & Marcus 1962) were classified as asexually recruited colonies but otherwise not separated for this study due to their rarity.…”

Section: Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history variation in cupuladriid bryozoans from either side of the Isthmus of Panama

O’Dea

Herrera-Cubilla²,

Fortunato³

et al. 2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Cupuladriid bryozoans are able to produce new colonies both sexually through the production of larvae and asexually via fragmentation. The prevalence of asexual propagation and the physical and biological processes of fragmentation in cupuladriid species are currently little understood. In a large survey comprising collections of nearly 32 000 cupuladriids from either side of the Isthmus of Panama, patterns of cupuladriid species richness, occurrence and abundance were measured together with levels of asexual propagation, fragmentation and regeneration. The Caribbean side is characterised by greater cupuladriid diversity and dominance of the genus Cupuladria over Discoporella while the eastern Pacific coast is characterised by lower cupuladriid diversity and complete dominance of Discoporella. Life history variation was not found to be constrained by phylogeny and no systematic differences were found in life history or morphologies between Cupuladria and Discoporella to explain the patterns in generic dominance across the isthmus. Nonetheless, striking differences occur in life history strategies across the isthmus. Eastern Pacific species tend to be large, flat and lightly calcified, resulting in high levels of fragmentation and hence asexual propagation. Conversely, Caribbean species produce a wider range of morphologies, including small, highly domed and highly calcified colonies that protect from fragmentation. By correlating colony morphologies with reproductive life histories within species, we show that morphologies, particularly colony strength and size, control levels of fragmentation and thus mode of propagation in cupuladriids. Life history strategies that promote asexual propagation are found to track levels of primary productivity both between oceans across the isthmus and between regions within oceans.

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Boring systematics: A genome skimmed phylogeny of ctenostome bryozoans and their endolithic family Penetrantiidae with the description of one new species

Decker,

Saadi,

Baranyi

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Ctenostomes are a group of gymnolaemate bryozoans with an uncalcified chitinous body wall having few external, skeletal characters. Hence, species identification is challenging and their systematics remain poorly understood, even more so when they exhibit an endolithic (boring) lifestyle. Currently, there are four Recent families of endolithic bryozoans that live inside mineralized substrates like mollusk shells. In particular, Penetrantiidae Silén, 1946 has received considerable attention and its systematic affinity to either cheilostomes or ctenostomes has been debated. Species delimitation of penetrantiids remains difficult, owing to a high degree of colonial and zooidal plasticity. Consequently, an additional molecular approach is essential to unravel the systematics of penetrantiids, their phylogenetic placement and their species diversity. We therefore sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes and two nuclear markers of 27 ctenostome species including nine penetrantiids. Our phylogeny supports the Penetrantiidae as a monophyletic group placed as sister taxon to the remaining ctenostomes alongside paludicellids, arachnidioids and terebriporids. The boring family Terebriporidae d'Orbigny, 1847 were previously considered to be among vesicularioids, but our results suggest an arachnidioid affinity instead. Ctenostome paraphyly is supported by our data, as the cheilostomes nest within them. A Multiporata clade is also well supported, including the former victorelloid genus Sundanella. Altogether, this study provides new insights into ctenostome systematics, assists with species delimitation and contributes to our understanding of the bryozoan tree of life.

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On some Lunulitiform bryozoa

Abstract: Há Briozoos de várias famílias dos Cheilostomata cujas larvas se fixam em grãos de areia, Foraminíferos ou outros substratos pequenos. As colônias assim originadas crescem em forma de disco, cone ou cúpula ao redor do ponto de fixação, e deitam-se sôbre fundo arenoso ou lodoso.

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Relation of form to life habit in free-living cupuladriid bryozoans

Relation of form to life habit in free-living cupuladriid bryozoans

Life history variation in cupuladriid bryozoans from either side of the Isthmus of Panama

Boring systematics: A genome skimmed phylogeny of ctenostome bryozoans and their endolithic family Penetrantiidae with the description of one new species

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