On-site monitoring of the performance of innovative treatments for marble conservation in architectural heritage

Gherardi, Francesca; Gulotta, Davide; Goidanich, Sara; Colombo, A; Toniolo, Lucia

doi:10.1186/s40494-017-0118-5

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…[12] Further research is required to evaluate the supposed improvement of durability in outdoor real conditions. [12] Further research is required to evaluate the supposed improvement of durability in outdoor real conditions.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

et al. 2018

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Layered treatments of natural stones based on dispersions of experimental nano-TiO and commercial TEOS showing photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties were set up and tested. To enhance nano-TiO efficacy, a surface pre-treatment with tetraethyl orthosilicate was proposed to avoid the penetration of NPs into the crystalline porous substrates and to improve their adhesion to the stone. Two treatment applications (wet-on-wet and wet-on-dry) were compared, showing different results. A strong interaction Si-O-Ti was the key factor for the successful treatment, leaving the band gap and relevant properties of nano-TiO unaltered. The layered treatments were tested on a porous calcarenite (Noto stone) and a very compact marble (Carrara marble). The combined SiO -nano-TiO treatments can find application in suitable cases where a surface consolidation is needed, ensuring a depolluting and self-cleaning durable activity.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, depending on the physical state, the chemical structures and the properties of the desired information, the PXRD test parameters and data analysis methods may vary greatly. In the field of architectural heritage, PXRD is one of the cheapest and most reliable technique to identify crystalline phases both in natural and man-made materials such as mortars [243,244], bricks [245,246], pigments [18,233], building stones [247,248] and so on.…”

Section: Powder X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (Pxrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

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Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.

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“…Finally,p romising results have been obtained so far by applying W-T100-nTiO 2 on marble tiles in apilot-area of the faÅade of Monza Cathedral (Italy) and monitoring its effectiveness for 12 months. [12] Further research is required to evaluate the supposed improvement of durability in outdoor real conditions.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Layered treatments of natural stones based on dispersions of experimental nano-TiO 2 and commercial TEOS showing photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties were set up and tested. To enhance nano-TiO 2 efficacy,asurface pretreatment with tetraethyl orthosilicate was proposed to avoid the penetration of NPs into the crystalline porous substrates and to improve their adhesion to the stone.T wo treatment applications (wet-on-wet and wet-on-dry) were compared, showing different results.Astrong interaction SiÀOÀTi was the key factor for the successful treatment, leaving the band gap and relevant properties of nano-TiO 2 unaltered. The layered treatments were tested on ap orous calcarenite (Noto stone) and av ery compact marble (Carrara marble). The combined SiO 2 -nano-TiO 2 treatments can find application in suitable cases where as urface consolidation is needed, ensuring adepolluting and self-cleaning durable activity.

show abstract

On-site monitoring of the performance of innovative treatments for marble conservation in architectural heritage

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

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On-site monitoring of the performance of innovative treatments for marble conservation in architectural heritage

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Layered Nano‐TiO2 Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Layered Nano‐TiO2 Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Layered Nano‐TiO2 Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

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Product

Resources

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Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture

Layered Nano‐TiO₂ Based Treatments for the Maintenance of Natural Stones in Historical Architecture