On-site energy matching indices for buildings with energy conversion, storage and hybrid grid connections

Cao, Sunliang; Hasan, Ala; Sirén, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.05.030

Cited by 110 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The concept of an on-site energy ratio (OER) is based on the idea of an on-site energy fraction (OEF) [15]. The OEF is developed for the evaluation of nearly zero-energy buildings, and it indicates the proportion of demand covered by on-site energy supply, while OER indicates the ratio between on-site supply and demand, which is more relevant in case of energy positive neighbourhoods.…”

Section: On-site Energy Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and operationalising the concept of an energy positive neighbourhood

Ala-Juusela

Crosbie

Hukkalainen

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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University campuses, residential neighbourhoods and other urban areas have different needs for energy solutions. The formulation and comparison of these solutions demands welldefined concepts and robust decision support tools. This paper proposes the following definition: "Energy positive neighbourhoods are those in which the annual energy demand is lower than annual energy supply from local renewable energy sources. Short-term imbalances … are corrected with national energy supplies. The aim is to provide a functional, healthy, user friendly environment with as low energy demand and little environmental impact as possible." Key performance indicators are proposed along with an 'energy positivity label'. A decision support tool for the long term planning of neighbourhood energy solutions is described which is currently being used to evaluate a university campus in France and a residential neighbourhood in Finland. The research presented extends the limits of current approaches to energy analyses from individual buildings to neighbourhood level. KEYWORDSEnergy positive neighbourhood, key performance indicators, energy positivity label, urban planning decision support tool, university campus, residential neighbourhood.

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Section: On-site Energy Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and operationalising the concept of an energy positive neighbourhood

Ala-Juusela

Crosbie

Hukkalainen

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…The results presented here correspond mainly to all-electrical buildings with the exception of some buildings provided with CHP system. On-going work is carried out recently at international level with the objective to generalize load matching indexes [20] [30] but these have not been analysed in this report.…”

Section: Load Match Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ES(t) and HS(t) in [20] represents storage balance in the battery (ES) and in the solar tank of the system (HS) (then charging minus discharging). In [5], where Eq.…”

Section: Eq 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis Of Load Match and Grid Interaction Indicators in NZEB with High-Resolution Data

Salom¹,

Marszal²,

Candanedo³

et al. 2014

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A Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) is succinctly described as a grid-connected building that generates as much energy as it uses over a year. The "Net Zero" balance is attained by applying energy conservation and efficiency measures and by incorporating renewable energy systems. The main objective of this report is to analyze the usefulness and relevance of proposed Load Match and Grid Interaction (LMGI) for Net Zero Energy Buildings. The methodology is based in the analysis of available high-resolution data (mainly hourly) both from simulated and monitored Net ZEBs (Net Zero Energy Buildings) or nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Buildings). The central question is to find a limited set of indicators which provide relevant information to building owners, local grid Distribution System Operators (DSO) when information from building simulations are available at design stage.The first two sections of the report introduces why load matching and grid interaction are key aspects to be analysed in Net ZEBs together with the fulfilment of the yearly energy balance between on-site generation and buildings load. Buildings will play a significant role as part of an energy system based on DER -Distributed Energy Resources. Section two analyses the subject from several perspectives from the operators of national energy grids to the building owners and users. More details and references to previous studies are given when the conditions for the distribution grids are discussed, as the buildings are mostly connected to the medium and low-voltage grid. Analysis concludes that an accurate analysis will need detailed information of the grid topologies, which in most of the cases is not the case when Net ZEBs are being planned. Also, it is highlighted that grid interaction is an aspect that should be analysed in the framework of urban planning (at the cluster of buildings level) more than at individual building level. IEA Joint Project SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 Load Match and Grid Interaction in NZEBPage 6 of 102The third chapter of the report defines the load match and grid interaction indicators that should be computed with the case studies, together with describing the terminology. This is defined in coherence with the framework for Net ZEBs definition established in this current IEA Task IEA Joint Project SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 Load Match and Grid Interaction in NZEBPage 7 of 102 A novel form of graphical representation using normalized load duration curve for net exported energy is proposed in this report. This graphical representation (see figure below) allows identifying the peak values of the net exported energy in a Net ZEB together with the profile of the grid interaction during the whole year knowing the percentage of time when the building is exporting energy. In the same graph, also the relation with the peak load, peak on-site generation and connection capacity are shown.The report concludes that load and supply cover factor, together with the loss of load probability are enough indexes to describe the relationship...

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“…For this case, a brief analysis of the matching capability of the building was conducted. The matching criteria of 'onsite energy fraction' (OEF) (representing the proportion of the onsite demand covered by onsite generation) and 'onsite energy matching' (OEM) (representing the proportion of the onsite generation consumed in the building system rather than being exported or dumped) were calculated for electricity and heating energy forms based on the extended onsite matching indices developed by Cao, Hasan, and Sirén (2013). Table 7 shows the calculated extended matching indices for electricity, i.e.…”

Section: Overall Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and exergy analysis of prosumers in hybrid energy grids

Delgado

Cao

Hasan

et al. 2017

Building Research & Information

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Surplus energy can be a recurrent phenomenon in zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) with onsite generation systems, usually resulting in the export of excess electricity. Yet, converting electricity into heat and exporting it could improve the overall energy balance. This study analyses the energy and exergy performance of a Finnish nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) as a heat and electricity prosumer, and proposes alternative energy topologies to improve energy and exergy levels, primary energy demand and CO 2 emissions. The results show that increasing the installed capacity of the photovoltaic systems would lead to zero energy, exergy, emissions and a balance of primary energy. However, by instead using the surplus electricity to drive a heat pump and export heat, the currently installed capacity would lead to a net energy export of over 4000 kWh/a. Thus, energy conversion could significantly enhance the contribution from heat and electricity prosumers to smart energy grids, though not without affecting other criteria. Two management strategies arise: favouring heat export improves the net energy and CO 2 emissions reduction but lessens the net exergy, while favouring electricity export improves the net exergy and primary energy reduction. The findings highlight that energy conversion can enhance nZEB performance and its exchange with hybrid grids.

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On-site energy matching indices for buildings with energy conversion, storage and hybrid grid connections

Cited by 110 publications

References 14 publications

Defining and operationalising the concept of an energy positive neighbourhood

Defining and operationalising the concept of an energy positive neighbourhood

Analysis Of Load Match and Grid Interaction Indicators in NZEB with High-Resolution Data

Energy and exergy analysis of prosumers in hybrid energy grids

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