On-site detection of fentanyl and its derivatives by field portable nano-liquid chromatography-electron lonization-mass spectrometry (nLC-EI-MS)

Abonamah, Jocelyn V.; Eckenrode, Brian A.; Moini, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.forc.2019.100180

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Reprinted with permission from Abonamah et al. (2019), copyright 2019 Elsevier. (c) A portable microfluidic device utilizing circular fluorescent probe‐mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification.…”

Section: Detection Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the three broad biosensor detection methods described here (nucleic acid amplification, mass spectrometry and receptor‐ligand binding assays), all have been converted to portable platforms and tested for various applications. Examples include a portable, microfluidic PCR platform for detecting Escherichia coli (Salman, Carney, Bateson, & Ali, 2020); a field‐deployable miniaturized mass spectrometer for detection of illicit drug samples (Abonamah, Eckenrode, & Moini, 2019; see Figure 6b); and a microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay for smartphone‐based mycotoxin detection from food products (Man, Li, Li, Liu, & Pan, 2019). These studies indicate that portable biosensor platforms for microbiome analyses are possible, although multiplexing may still need to be optimized with some portable platforms in order to use them in the microbiome field.…”

Section: Detection Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The future of microbiome analysis: Biosensor methods for big data collection and clinical diagnostics

Akarapipad

Yoon

2020

Med Devices & Sens

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Worldwide interest in the human microbiome is rapidly expanding, as the microbiome is a potential key to understanding human health and improving diagnostic and treatment strategies. A wide array of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, unicellular/multicellular eukaryotes (i.e. fungi and helminths) and viruses, colonize on the human body. Their activity and interactions with each other impact their host (Rowan-Nash, Korry, Mylonakis, & Belenky, 2019). Although sometimes used interchangeably, the word 'microbiota' refers to the collective community of microorganisms residing in a particular environment (such as a region of the body), whereas the word 'microbiome' refers to the entirety of this community's genetic information (Allaband et al., 2019; Kuczynski et al., 2012). The different regions of the human body contain various combinations of microbes that could provide information not only about infectious diseases at specific sites, but also about the potential health conditions of a person (Mimee et al., 2018). It is remarkable to consider that, according to recently revised estimates, the human body houses approximately as many bacteria (the most abundant member of the microbiota) as human cells, with bacteria comprising 0.3% of total body mass (Sender, Fuchs, & Milo, 2016). According to the

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Section: Detection Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of microbiome analysis: Biosensor methods for big data collection and clinical diagnostics

Akarapipad

Yoon

2020

Med Devices & Sens

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“…The DEA has also conducted work with cyclopropylfentanyl and crotonylfentanyl wherein the relative ion abundance of m/z 69 and m/z 105 was the criteria for differentiation [115]. Recently, a more novel application of EI was demonstrated through the use of a field portable nano-liquid chromatography (nLC)-EI-MS for the detection of fentanyl analogs [116].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Emerging Synthetic Drugs

Davidson¹

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Structural Characterization of Emerging Synthetic Drugs J. Tyler Davidson The identification of well-characterized seized drugs is performed thousands of times a day in the United States; however, the expanding use of emerging synthetic drugs is creating a growing problem for both toxicological and seized drug analyses. Two of the most rapidly growing areas of emerging synthetic drugs are synthetic cathinones and fentanyl-related compounds (FRCs). In this work we demonstrate the combination of multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS n), accurate mass measurements with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and isotopic labeling for the structural characterization of synthetic cathinones and fentanyl analogs. The deliverables of this research include the identification of conserved fragmentation pathways for synthetic cathinones and fentanyl analogs, proposed mechanisms for the formation of characteristic ions through both protonated tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and a discussion about how to apply the broadened understanding of the fragmentation behavior to the identification of novel synthetic cathinones and fentanyl analogs. The first major finding about the fragmentation behavior of synthetic cathinones is that the tropylium ion (m/z 91), or substituted derivative thereof, forms through different oxygencontaining intermediates that do not contain a formal C=O bond but instead contain a phthalanelike core structure. The phthalane-like intermediates were elucidated through gas-phase ion spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Likewise, the use of stable isotope labeling revealed the unprecedented finding that, during collision-induced dissociation (CID) of α-pyrrolidinophenone synthetic cathinones, the α-carbon is retained almost exclusively in the tropylium ion and the carbonyl carbon is not retained in the tropylium ion. Isotope labeling also identified competitive pathways for the loss of CO and ethylene (C2H4) from a primary intermediate ion, which provides support for the direct loss of CO from the alkyl side chain. A second major finding was the identification of characteristic protonated MS/MS fragmentation pathways and proposed mechanistic origins for both protonated MS/MS and EI-MS fragmentation for α-pyrrolidinophenone and N-alkylated synthetic cathinones. For MS/MS spectra of protonated α-pyrrolidinophenone synthetic cathinones the dominant fragmentation pathways are through 4-center hydrogen rearrangements to produce pyrrolidine ring cleavage, characteristic iminium ions and diagnostic ions at m/z 91 and m/z 105. For EI mass spectra, radical-directed αcleavages result in dominant iminium ions. In contrast to α-pyrrolidinophenone synthetic cathinones, MS/MS of protonated N-alkylated synthetic cathinones provided abundant radical losses from both the N-alkylated and aliphatic side chains, a dominant loss of H2O for 2° amines and the formation of abundant alkylphenones for 3° amines. These findings help advance our cu...

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“…Until recently, miniaturized LC separation instrumentation was not portable. Abonamah et al [40] used a field "portable" nano‐LC with EI‐MS for the onsite detection of fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives. An Acclaim Pepmap 100 C18, 3 µm, 0.075 × 150 mm column was used, with separations performed at 0.1‐1.0 µL/min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The separation and identification of synthetic cathinones by portable low microflow liquid chromatography with dual capillary columns in series and dual wavelength ultraviolet detection

May

Pavone

Lurie

2020

J of Separation Science

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This study ascertained the viability of a portable liquid chromatograph, operating at low microliter per minute flow, for the analysis of seized drugs at remote sites as well as in laboratory settings. Synthetic cathinones were screened using dual capillary columns in series, C8 and biphenyl, with on-column ultraviolet detection at 255 and 275 nm. The relative retention times of the two columns in series and their peak area absorbance ratio were used to determine if the 16 synthetic cathinones investigated could be uniquely identified in these conditions. Based on these parameters all of the analytes could be distinguished. Representative mixtures of synthetic cathinones were used to determine the repeatability, linearity, and limits of detection of the method. This cost effective and green instrumentation has the potential to satisfy minimum international guidelines for the analysis of seized drugs. K E Y W O R D S dual capillary columns in series, dual on-column UV detection, portable liquid chromatography, synthetic cathinones 3756

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On-site detection of fentanyl and its derivatives by field portable nano-liquid chromatography-electron lonization-mass spectrometry (nLC-EI-MS)

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

The future of microbiome analysis: Biosensor methods for big data collection and clinical diagnostics

The future of microbiome analysis: Biosensor methods for big data collection and clinical diagnostics

Structural Characterization of Emerging Synthetic Drugs

The separation and identification of synthetic cathinones by portable low microflow liquid chromatography with dual capillary columns in series and dual wavelength ultraviolet detection

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