On secure transmission in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial cooperative network with untrusted energy harvesting relay and imperfect channel estimation

Abstract

In this paper, the security performance of a hybrid satellite‐terrestrial cooperative network (HSTCN) with untrusted energy limited relay and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is investigated. The satellite and terrestrial links are assumed to follow Shadowed‐Rician fading and Rayleigh fading distributions respectively. The amplify‐and‐forward energy‐limited relay node employs power splitting relaying mode to scavenge energy from its received signals. By considering imperfect CSI between the relay and destination link, maximum ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity schemes are utilized at the destination to enhance the quality of received signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and aid jamming signal to prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the satellite confidential data. Thus, to evaluate the HSTCN security performance, the exact analytical closed‐form expressions for the security outage probability (SOP) and connectivity outage probability (COP) are derived for each of the diversity combining techniques. Owing to trade‐off between SOP and COP, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) expression is obtained for the considered diversity schemes with a view to examine the security and reliability performance of the concerned system. Moreover, the impact of system parameters such as transmit SNR, channel coefficient, energy harvesting coefficient, and number of antennas are evaluated. In addition, the results reveal that the MRC has better SOP, COP, and EST performance compare with the SC. Also, it is found that the system EST degrades at high transmit SNR when the number of antennas at satellite is higher. The accuracy of the derived analytical expressions is confirmed by using Monte‐Carlo simulations.

Distributed and multi‐layer hierarchical controller placement in software‐defined satellite‐terrestrial network

“…It is assumed that the coordinates of longitude, latitude, and altitude of the ground station are (𝜆 g i , 𝜑 g i , h g i ), the earth radius and the elevation angle of the ground station relative to satellite are respectively R e and 𝛽 g i ,s i . The three-dimensional coordinates of ground station in the ECF is denoted by (x E g i , y E g i , z E g i ), and it can be given by Equation (10).…”

“…Currently, many controller placement mechanisms have been proposed for terrestrial SDN networks. 8 However, due to the wide coverage, link failure, and dynamic topology of satellite-terrestrial network, 9,10 these controller placement mechanisms for terrestrial SDN networks cannot be directly applied to software-defined satellite-terrestrial network. On the other hand, most of the existing researches on software-defined satellite-terrestrial network focus on the network architecture design, 11 flow table management, 12 QoS routing, 13 traffic offloading 14 and so forth.…”

On the performance of uplink NOMA‐based satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial integrated networks

“…Therefore, the integrated satellite and terrestrial relay network (ISTRN) has received much attention in both industry and academia, in which terrestrial relay is employed to offer seamless connectivity and guarantee quality-of-service for users. 4,5 Besides satellite and terrestrial cellular network, the application of cost-effectiveness and high flexible unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has a great potential to expand coverage range and improve system performance. [6][7][8][9][10] Then, a UAV acting as aerial relay is integrated into satellite network, which we refer to as satellite-aerial-terrestrial integrated network (SATIN).…”

“…However, in satellite network, due to masking effort, the line‐of‐sight (LoS) communication between the satellite and the ground terminals may be unavailable. Therefore, the integrated satellite and terrestrial relay network (ISTRN) has received much attention in both industry and academia, in which terrestrial relay is employed to offer seamless connectivity and guarantee quality‐of‐service for users 4,5 …”