On scaling of fracture energy and stress drop in dynamic rupture models: Consequences for near-source ground-motions

M, Prof. Redhya; Somerville, Paul; Pitarka, Arben; Dalguer, L. A.; Song, Seok Goo; Beroza, Gregory C.; Irikura, Kojiro

doi:10.1029/170gm28

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…From numerical simulations of the dynamic faulting process, Madariaga [1976] and Lapusta and Liu [2009] indicated that the stress change t d -t f because of dynamic overshoot is 10-20% of the static stress drop t i -t f . By using dynamic rupture models of moderateto-large earthquakes, Mai et al [2006] found that the difference between the static and dynamic stress drops was about 10%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of earthquake stress drop on critical slip‐weakening distance

Kato¹

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the dependence of the static stress drop of earthquakes on the critical slip-weakening distance. A fault model in a two-dimensional elastic medium is used, in which a locked zone (asperity) is assumed to exist between creeping zones. The presence of such a zone is commonly assumed for plate boundaries that have relatively low seismic coupling. Shear stress is concentrated at the edges of the locked zone and seismic rupture occurs when the strain energy release by rupture extension becomes sufficiently large to overcome the fracture energy. The static stress drop is calculated by taking the ratio of the average seismic slip to the length of seismic slip zone for the simulated earthquakes in the model, using various values for the normal stress applied to the fault and the characteristic slip distance of a rate-and state-dependent friction law. The simulation results indicate that the static stress drop is proportional to the square root of the product of the critical slip-weakening distance and the normal stress, when the seismic rupture starts near an edge of the locked zone. In contrast, when the seismic rupture starts near the center of the locked zone, the static stress drop increases linearly with normal stress and is independent of the critical slip-weakening distance. These simulation results may explain the relatively small depth dependence, as well as the large scatter, in observations of the static stress drop.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of earthquake stress drop on critical slip‐weakening distance

Kato¹

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In contrast, average stress drop over the entire fault plane at most only slightly increases with increasing moment; the substantial scatter of average stress drop values in Figure 1 of Mai et al (2006) is consistent with average stress drop that is constant with moment. The Mai et al (2006) results for maximum stress drop are consistent with first-order constraints on stochastic aspects of seismic source properties (Andrews, 1981;Boore, 1983;Frankel, 1991). As fault area increases, the probability of observing a larger stress drop somewhere on the fault plane increases since stress drop must exhibit correlatedrandom variability over the fault to explain the first-order observations of seismic source properties inferred from ground motion recordings, such as the  2 spectral shape (Andrews, 1981;Frankel, 1991).…”

Section: Earthquakementioning

confidence: 64%

“…Somerville (2003) notes that the period of the dominant amplitude near-fault motions is related to source parameters such as the rise time and the fault dimensions, which generally increase with magnitude. Mai et al (2006) present an analysis of scaling of stress drop with seismic moment and find a strong increase of maximum stress drop on the fault plane as a function of increasing moment. In contrast, average stress drop over the entire fault plane at most only slightly increases with increasing moment; the substantial scatter of average stress drop values in Figure 1 of Mai et al (2006) is consistent with average stress drop that is constant with moment.…”

Section: Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mai et al (2006) present an analysis of scaling of stress drop with seismic moment and find a strong increase of maximum stress drop on the fault plane as a function of increasing moment. In contrast, average stress drop over the entire fault plane at most only slightly increases with increasing moment; the substantial scatter of average stress drop values in Figure 1 of Mai et al (2006) is consistent with average stress drop that is constant with moment. The Mai et al (2006) results for maximum stress drop are consistent with first-order constraints on stochastic aspects of seismic source properties (Andrews, 1981;Boore, 1983;Frankel, 1991).…”

Section: Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic stress drop averaged over the entire fault plane is generally found to remain relatively constant with magnitude (Aki, 1983;Shaw, 2009). Thus, as average slip increases with magnitude (Somerville et al, 1999;Mai and Beroza, 2000;Mai et al, 2006) average rise time must also increase with increasing magnitude. Somerville (2003) notes that the period of the dominant amplitude near-fault motions is related to source parameters such as the rise time and the fault dimensions, which generally increase with magnitude.…”

Section: Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Ground Motion Estimation

O’Connell¹,

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Dynamically modeling fault step overs using various friction laws

Ryan

Oglesby

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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It is well known that fault step overs can under some circumstances allow through-going rupture and under other circumstances cause rupture to terminate. However, the effects of different friction law formulations on jumping rupture have not been extensively explored. In this study we use the 2-D dynamic finite element method to investigate how different frictional parameterizations affect the ability of rupture to jump a step over, in both extensional and compressional settings. We compare linear slip-weakening friction and three forms of rate-and state-dependent friction: the aging law, slip law, and slip law with strong rate weakening. We have found that for friction parameterizations with the same effective slip-weakening distance, the functional forms of such friction laws can have a significant effect on maximum jump distance. With friction laws scaled to have equivalent fracture energies, we find that the functional forms of such friction laws have a second-order effect on jumping rupture. Finally, with our specific parameterizations we find that delays in rupture across the step over systems can lead to a previously unseen mode of supershear transition once the rupture renucleates on the secondary fault segment, even if the initial stress field precludes such a transition. Studies using multiple friction laws in complex geometries such as fault step overs can lead to better understanding of the dependence of rupture properties on the type of friction law utilized in models and statistical analysis.

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On scaling of fracture energy and stress drop in dynamic rupture models: Consequences for near-source ground-motions

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Dependence of earthquake stress drop on critical slip‐weakening distance

Dependence of earthquake stress drop on critical slip‐weakening distance

Strong Ground Motion Estimation

Dynamically modeling fault step overs using various friction laws

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