On safety design of vehicle for protection of vulnerable road users: A review

Lv, Xin; Xiao, Zhihua; Fang, Jianguang; Li, Qing; Lei, Fei; Sun, Guangyong

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2022.109990

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 312 publications

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“…18 On the other hand, continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite has been patched on the steel structural parts of cars, which has been demonstrated to effectively improve the stiffness and crashworthiness of the car body as well as the reduction use of high-strength steel. [19][20][21] This triggers a new assembling method for fiber metal laminates, which means, the fiber-reinforced composite on the surface with metal sheets in the middle part. Accordingly, the difference in the mechanical performance between the two types of above-mentioned FMLs requires further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of structure–flexural response relations in thermoplastic carbon/glass fiber‐metal laminates

Sang,

Xing,

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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In the current work, fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) consisting of alternated continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite layers and aluminum alloy sheets were proposed by the hot‐pressing method. Carbon fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/CF) and glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP/GF) prepregs were selected as composite layers. The effect of the assembly method between composite prepreg and aluminum sheets as well as the stacking configurations on the flexural response of FMLs were investigated. Meanwhile, the macro and micro‐structural observations were performed to characterize failure mechanisms in these structures. Experimental results revealed that the strength and stiffness of hybrid FLMs depended on the material property on the surface layer. With the stacking sequence of aluminum sandwiched by PA6/CF achieved the highest flexural strength of 535.3 MPa and modulus of 63.6 GPa in the series of FMLs, which could achieve satisfied lightweight and strength‐stiffness properties. The ductile deformation of aluminum sheets and fracturing and pulling out of the fibers were the main characterized failure mechanisms of thermoplastic FMLs. For glass fiber‐metal laminates, stacking configurations of three aluminum sheets alternation with four PP/GF intermediate layers achieved a favorable flexural property. Above all, the proposed thermoplastic FMLs have great potential in civil applications especially in the automobile industry as structural parts.Highlights Thermoplastic fiber‐metal laminates are designed and fabricated. The assembly method and stacking sequences influence the flexural property. FMLs with PA6/CF and aluminum achieve satisfied strength stiffness. PP/GF prepreg and aluminum layer display ductile deformation mode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of structure–flexural response relations in thermoplastic carbon/glass fiber‐metal laminates

Sang,

Xing,

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…In aerospace and automotive industries, where weight and safety are crucial, specific strength and stiffness are significant structural design criteria. Worries about the environment and the rise in fuel prices have prompted companies that make cars and aircraft to use sophisticated composite materials as desired alternatives to heavy conventional metallic materials in their products 6,7 . Several researchers worldwide have looked into the crashworthiness of composite materials because cars are likely to undergo multiple collisions over the course of their lifetime 8,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worries about the environment and the rise in fuel prices have prompted companies that make cars and aircraft to use sophisticated composite materials as desired alternatives to heavy conventional metallic materials in their products. 6,7 Several researchers worldwide have looked into the crashworthiness of composite materials because cars are likely to undergo multiple collisions over the course of their lifetime. 8,9 As one of the most common composite materials, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have recently been used in the design of vehicles to increase structural safety and fuel efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐static axial crushing of multi‐tubular foam‐filled carbon fiber reinforced composite structures

Khan,

Alshahrani,

Abd‐Elaziem

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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In automotive design, a key aspect in limiting injuries in the event of collision is the ability of vehicle's structures to absorb high quantities of energy. Recently, automobiles have been designed with materials such as carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers to replace the conventional metallic materials, to boost structural safety and fuel efficiency. In this study, various combinations of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic and Kevlar‐reinforced polymer composite tubes were assembled to form multi‐tubular composites and their crushing properties were investigated under quasi‐static axial compression. A total of five different combinations were designed and tested. The results showed that the addition of intermediate tubing system in the hollow composite tubes significantly improved the load‐bearing and energy absorption capabilities of the composite tubes. In addition, these configurations were also filled with polyurethane (PU) foam. It was shown that, apart from specific energy absorption (SEA), all the other parameters, such as peak load, mean load, crushing force efficiency, and overall energy absorption ability, were enhanced with the addition of foam. The SEA parameter showed inconsistent behavior, and this was attributed to the weight addition caused by the addition of foam in the composite tubes.Highlights This study examined the crashworthiness properties of multi‐tubular structures. Placing of intermediate tubing showed great improvement in absorption capacity. The system with carbon‐based intermediate tubes performed the best. Filling PU foam within the structures also improved the load‐bearing properties. The SEA was seen to reduce with the addition of PU foam.

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“…[52][53][54][55][56] Engineering designs of crash box obtained from such deterministic optimization would have a risk of violating performance requirements and place occupants at potential risks of injuries during a car collision. 3 In addition, conventional optimization approaches based on experimental design, surrogate modeling (RSM, RBF, Kriging, etc.) and optimization algorithms (NSGA-II, MOPSO, MOEA, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With continuous growth of car ownership and increasing number of occupant casualties caused by car collisions every year, the crashworthiness safety of cars is becoming increasingly concerned in recent years. 1–3 In the process of a car frontal collision, the collision energy dissipation mainly depends on the body front-end structures composed of a bumper, two crash boxes, and two front rails at the two ends of the bumper (Figure 1). The crash box, which is a classical thin-walled structure (TWS) connecting the bumper and the front rail, is classified as the main crash energy-absorbing member in the front-end structures and is expected to be capable of absorbing kinetic energy through collapse deformation during a frontal impact, as well as maintaining vehicle deceleration within a safe limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective robust optimization of foam-filled double-hexagonal crash box using Taguchi-grey relational analysis

Xiong,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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In this paper, a novel thin-walled double-hexagonal crash box is first proposed and then multi-objective robust optimized for better overall crashworthiness under multi-angle impact loading, using a proposed hybrid method combining aluminum foam-filling and Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA). Specifically, the finite element (FE) models of the regularly-shaped double-hexagonal column (DHC) extracted from original irregularly-shaped crash box under multi-angle impact loading, including hollow (H-DHC) and foam-filled (F-DHC), are first built and validated by experiments. On this basis, a comprehensive crashworthiness comparison is conducted to explore relative merits of F-DHC over original H-DHC under multi-angle impact loading. After that, the F-DHC is multi-objective robust optimized for maximizing overall specific energy absorption (SEAθ) and minimizing overall initial peak crushing force (IPCF0) simultaneously under multi-angle impact loading, using a hybrid method of Taguchi-GRA. At last, a bumper-crash box integrated crashworthiness analysis under multi-angle impact loading is executed to further verify the optimization. The optimal F-DHC and the optimized crash box within the optimal F-DHC demonstrate evident improvement of crashworthiness compared to their respective initial designs, indicating aluminum foam-filling combined with Taguchi-GRA could be an effective approach for multi-objective robust optimization of the novel crash box and other similar vehicle structures.

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On safety design of vehicle for protection of vulnerable road users: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 312 publications

Investigation of structure–flexural response relations in thermoplastic carbon/glass fiber‐metal laminates

Investigation of structure–flexural response relations in thermoplastic carbon/glass fiber‐metal laminates

Quasi‐static axial crushing of multi‐tubular foam‐filled carbon fiber reinforced composite structures

Multi-objective robust optimization of foam-filled double-hexagonal crash box using Taguchi-grey relational analysis

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