On-road emission characteristics of VOCs from rural vehicles and their ozone formation potential in Beijing, China

Yao, Zheng; Wu, Bobo; Shen, Xianbao; Cao, Xinyue; Jiang, Xi; Yu, Ye; He, Kebin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.054

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…sources: biofuel combustion (Tsai et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;Mo et al, 2016), coal combustion (Liu et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2015), asphalt production (Liu et al, 2008), oil production, handling and refinery (Liu et al, 2008), vehicle varnish paint (Yuan et al, 2010), printing ink (Yuan et al, 2010;Zheng et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014), gasoline evaporation (Liu et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2015), Poly'Prop production (Mo et al, 2015), gasoline vehicles (Duffy et al, 1999;Schauer et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2008) and diesel vehicles (Schauer et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2008;Yao et al, 2015;Mo et al, 2016). In addition to the source profiles used for speciation in Li et al 2014, we updated profiles that were newly added in SPECIATE v4.5 and local profiles measured in recent years (Zhang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014;Shi et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2015;Yao et al, 2015;Mo et al, 2015Mo et al, , 2016. Profiles for approximately 60 sources were updated, including power plants, paint production, industrial coal use, gasoline evaporation, coke production, biofuel combustion in residential stoves, glue use, paint use, vehicles and off-road diesel engines.…”

Section: Speciation Of Nmvocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent growth of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China during 1990–2017: dynamics, speciation, and ozone formation potentials

Ling¹,

Zhang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) are important ozone and secondary organic aerosol precursors and play important roles in tropospheric chemistry. In this work, we estimated the total and speciated NMVOC emissions from China&#8217;s anthropogenic sources during 1990&#8211;2017 by using a bottom-up emission inventory framework, and investigated the main drivers behind the trends. We found that, anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China have been increased continuously since 1990 due to the dramatic growth in activity rates and absence of effective control measures. We estimated that, anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China increased from 9.76&#8201;Tg in 1990 to 28.5&#8201;Tg in 2017, mainly driven by persistent growth from the industry sector and solvent use. In the meanwhile, emissions from the residential and transportation sectors declined after 2005, partly offset the total emission increase. During 1990&#8211;2017, mass-based emissions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, oxygenated VOCs (OVOC) and other species increased by 274&#8201;%, 88&#8201;%, 4&#8201;%, 387&#8201;%, 91&#8201;%, and 231&#8201;% respectively. Following the growth in total NMVOC emissions, the corresponding ozone formation potential (OFP) increased form 38.2&#8201;Tg-O3 in 1990 to 99.7&#8201;Tg-O3 in 2017. We estimated that aromatics accounted for the largest share (43&#8201;%) of total OFP, followed by alkenes (37&#8201;%) and OVOC (10&#8201;%). Growth in China's NMVOC emissions were mainly driven by the transportation sector before 2000, while industrial sector and solvent use dominated the emission growth during 2000&#8211;2010. After 2010, although emissions from the industry sector and solvent use kept growing, strict control measures on transportation and fuel transition in residential stoves have successfully slowed down the increase trend, especially after the implementation of China's clean air action since 2013. However, compared to large emission decreases of other criteria air pollutants in China (e.g., SO2, NOx, and primary PM) during 2013&#8211;2017, the relatively flat trend in NMVOC emissions and OFP revealed the absence of effective control measures, which might have contributed to the increase of ozone during the same period. Given their high contributions to emissions and OFP, tailored control measures for solvent use and industrial sources should be developed, and collaborative control strategies should be designed to mitigate both PM2.5 and ozone pollution simultaneously.

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Section: Speciation Of Nmvocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent growth of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China during 1990–2017: dynamics, speciation, and ozone formation potentials

Ling¹,

Zhang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Imperfections in comprehensiveness and accuracy of estimation can also be improved by using local emission factors and speciation published recently (Liu et al, 2009Yao et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2016). Instead of emission factors given by commonly used vehicle emission models developed by the US and Europe -e.g., COPERT, MOVES, MOBILE and IVE -the measured local emission factors offer a relevant and more accurate estimation of local emission levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with vehicular tailpipe emissions (VTEs), vehicular evaporation emissions (VEEs) have recently been reported to be non-negligible contributors to ambient VOC concentrations (Yamada et al, 2013;. VOC emissions evaporate from gasoline-fueled vehicles consistently regardless of their status -refueling, running or parked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated emission inventory of vehicular VOCs and IVOCs in China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Currently, the emission inventory of vehicular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of those with the largest errors and uncertainties due to suboptimal estimation methods and the lack of first-hand basic data. In this study, an updated speciated emission inventory of VOCs and an estimation of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from vehicles in China at the provincial level for the year of 2015 are developed based on a set of state-of-the-art methods and an abundance of local measurement data. Activity data for light-duty vehicles are derived from trajectories of more than 70 000 cars for 1 year. The annual mileage of trucks are calculated from reported data by more than 2 million trucks in China. The emission profiles are updated using measurement data. Vehicular tailpipe emissions (VTEs) and four types of vehicular evaporation emissions (VEEs), including refueling, hot soak, diurnal and running loss, are taken into account. Results show that the total vehicular VOC emissions in China are 4.21 Tg (with a 95 % confidence interval range from 2.90 to 6.54 Tg) and the IVOC emissions are 200.37 Gg in 2015. VTEs are still the predominant contributor, while VEEs are responsible for 39.20 % of VOC emissions. The control of VEEs is yet to be optimized in China. Among VTEs, passenger vehicles emissions have the largest share (49.86 %), followed by trucks (28.15 %) and motorcycles (21.99 %). Among VEEs, running loss is the largest contributor (81.05 %). For both VTEs and VEEs, Guangdong, Shandong and Jiangsu province are three of the highest, with a respective contribution of 10.66, 8.85 and 6.54 % to the total amounts of VOCs from vehicles. 97 VOC species are analyzed in this VOC emission inventory. i-Pentane, toluene and formaldehyde are found to be the most abundant species in China's vehicular VOC emissions. The estimated IVOCs are another "inconvenient truth", concluding that precursor emissions for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from vehicles are much larger than previously estimated.

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“…Additionally, during the elevated pollution trials, the O 3 decay rate differed between biofilter treatments across both lighting conditions, with the O 3 concentration declining more rapidly in the empty flow reactor (control) than the flow reactors with biofilters present, and it is possible that VOCs may have also had a role in forming O 3 [60]. Furthermore, the botanical biofilters were able to reduce the concentration of ambient O 3 when NO and NO 2 concentrations were also low, however, O 3 was removed more rapidly by the control treatments than the botanical biofilter treatments under both lighting conditions with elevated NO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Suitability of Active Green Walls for NO2 Reduction in Green Buildings Using a Closed-Loop Flow Reactor

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a common urban air pollutant that is associated with several adverse human health effects from both short and long term exposure. Additionally, NO 2 is highly reactive and can influence the mixing ratios of nitrogen oxide (NO) and ozone (O 3 ). Active green walls can filter numerous air pollutants whilst using little energy, and are thus a candidate for inclusion in green buildings, however, the remediation of NO 2 by active green walls remains untested. This work assessed the capacity of replicate active green walls to filter NO 2 at both ambient and elevated concentrations within a closed-loop flow reactor, while the concentrations of NO and O 3 were simultaneously monitored. Comparisons of each pollutant's decay rate were made for green walls containing two plant species (Spathiphyllum wallisii and Syngonium podophyllum) and two lighting conditions (indoor and ultraviolet). Biofilter treatments for both plant species exhibited exponential decay for the biofiltration of all three pollutants at ambient concentrations. Furthermore, both treatments removed elevated concentrations of NO and NO 2 , (average NO 2 clean air delivery rate of 661.32 and 550.8 m 3 ·h −1 ·m −3 of biofilter substrate for the respective plant species), although plant species and lighting conditions influenced the degree of NO x removal. Elevated concentrations of NO x compromised the removal efficiency of O 3 . Whilst the current work provided evidence that effective filtration of NO x is possible with green wall technology, long-term experiments under in situ conditions are needed to establish practical removal rates and plant health effects from prolonged exposure to air pollution.

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On-road emission characteristics of VOCs from rural vehicles and their ozone formation potential in Beijing, China

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Persistent growth of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China during 1990–2017: dynamics, speciation, and ozone formation potentials

Persistent growth of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in China during 1990–2017: dynamics, speciation, and ozone formation potentials

An updated emission inventory of vehicular VOCs and IVOCs in China

An Assessment of the Suitability of Active Green Walls for NO2 Reduction in Green Buildings Using a Closed-Loop Flow Reactor

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