On risk-based operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbine components

Evolving ANN-based sensors for a context-aware cyber physical system of an offshore gas turbine

“…The ANN was chosen as many studies have shown that it is the most effective classification model to predict the condition of offshore oil and gas pipelines on varieties of factors, including corrosion (El-Abbasy 2014; Schlechtingen and Santos 2011). Also these studies highlighted the effective use of Bayesian and decision tree approaches in condition-based maintenance of offshore wind turbines (Nielsen and Srensen 2011). Random Forest Tree is another algorithm, which is widely used in the field of predictive maintenance in the oil and gas industry to forecast a remote environment condition, where visual inspection is not sufficient (Topouzelis and Psyllos 2012).…”

Towards farm-level health management of offshore wind farms for maintenance improvements

“…This has to be accomplished using methodologies like risk-based maintenance (RBM) [49,50] or opportunistic maintenance methods [51][52][53]. ECN's OMCE [54] and SINTEF's NOWICOB [55] are notable tools for assisting maintenance planning by estimating cost of maintenance scenario that have provision to include the constraints.…”

Fragility analysis of steel and concrete wind turbine towers

“…Due to the location of these machines in quite inaccessible locations out at sea as well as the aggressive environment in which they must operate, there are a num ber of routine procedures which prove more challenging for offshore turbines. Nielsen and S0rensen (2011) A nother issue relevant to offshore wind turbines is the difficulty in the assembly and erection of these large structures out at sea. For this purpose, specialised vessels must be employed which are expensive and often difficult to acquire.…”