On revisiting vital signs IoT sensors for COVID-19 and long COVID-19 monitoring: a condensed updated review and future directions

Abstract

Background: Although the world has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic for over a year, we understand that there are still some challenges in using Internet of Things (IoT) devices as allies in this fight. Among the main difficulties, we can mention the selection of appropriate devices and the correct measurement and subsequent analysis of previously obtained vital signs. 
 Methods: In this context, we present a condensed compilation of IoT devices to monitor the vital signs often used to monitor COVID-19. We focus on easy-to-use devices currently available on the market to the general user. Also, the presented analysis is helpful for long COVID-19 monitoring, which is particularly useful to governments and hospitals to analyze eventual sequels on those citizens who tested positive beforehand.
 Results: The review resulted in 148 heterogeneous devices offering different capabilities. Our first contribution resides in detailing several aspects of each IoT device, indicating which are the most suitable for particular use-case situations. Moreover, our article introduces some challenges and insights into assembling a smart city composed of IoT devices.
 Conclusion: Here, technological trends such as Serverless computing, homomorphic cryptography, Federated Learning, Elixir programming language, Web Assembly, and vertical elasticity are discussed towards enabling vital sign-driven data capturing and processing. Although there are several IoT devices for health monitoring, there is still work to standardize data formats and APIs for data extraction.

Analysis of the Improvement of Engineering Mechanics Experimental Methods Based on IoT and Machine Learning

“…A number of challenging issues have been raised for logical and technological specialists at the fundamental hypothesis and design innovation levels. Remote sensor systems (WSNs) are a multi-jump self-organized framework formed by a large number of sensor hubs located within the observing range communicating with each other, and they plan an important role the Internet of Things [ 1 ]. With the development of remote communication, sensor innovation, inserted application, and microelectronics innovation, remote sensor systems can obtain the data individuals require at any time, any place, and under any natural conditions, laying the basis for the improvement of the Internet of Things (loT).…”