“…After that, many research works (e.g. Dave and Patel 1981, Mak 1982, Hollier and Mak 1983, Sachan 1984, Goyal 1987, Bahari-Kashani 1989, Aggarwal and Bahari-Kashani 1991, Goswami and Chaudhuri 1992, Xu and Wang 1992, Chung and Ting 1994, Hariga 1994, Hariga and Benkherouf 1994, Jain and Silver 1994, Benkherhouf 1995, Bose et al 1995, Wee 1995 have been devoted to incorporating a time-varying demand rate into their models for deteriorating items with or without shortages under a variety of circumstances.…”