On quarks and the origin of QCD: Partons and baryons from intrinsic states

Abstract

We create quarks from baryons in stead of constituting baryons from quarks. The quantum fields of QCD are generated via the exterior derivative (momentum form) of baryon wave functions on an intrinsic configuration space, the Lie group U(3). Local gauge transformations correspond to coordinate translations in the intrinsic space. A proton spin structure function and a proton magnetic moment are derived. We show how the spectrum of unflavoured baryons, the N and Delta resonances, can be understood from a mass Hamiltonian on the intrinsic space and note how our model resolves the problem of colour confinement. We calculate an approximate value for the relative neutron-to-proton mass shift and give an exact value for the neutron mass. We predict neutral charge singlets that may be interpreted as neutral pentaquarks at LHCb.

On pion mass and decay constant from theory

“…Higgs field misalignment. -In the baryonic sector we introduced Bloch phase factors in the proton wave function [10,15]. Here we argue that similar phase factors, allowed by the Higgs mechanism, occur in the lepton sector during the neutron decay.…”

“…-The neutron decay in (23) involves changes both in the strong interaction sector and in the electroweak sector. In the strong sector the baryonic ground state undergoes a period doubling which we interpreted as a topological origin of the proton charge [10,15]. In the electroweak sector we see the creation of a corresponding opposite charge in a leptonic state.…”

“…MeV for πa = r e is obtained by sliding iteratively by radiative corrections [18] from α −1 (m τ ) = 133.472 (7) [11] and the result of eq. ( 21) is [15] m n c 2 = 939.9 ± 0.5 MeV,…”

“…The trace potential is half the squared geodetic distance from the origo e to u, i.e., 1 2 d 2 (e, u) = 1 2 Tr χ 2 implies left-invariance which corresponds to gauge invariance in the laboratory space [10,15]. The potential folds out in periodic functions in eigenangle space [16] 1 2…”

“…Why these two masses lie so close to zero is a question which the Standard Model does not answer." In [15] one of us (OLT) discusses flavour quark masses as a manifestation of curvatures 1 rq in intrinsic orbits and finds mqc 2 = αs 9 c rq which yields muc 2 = 2.6 MeV and m d c 2 = 5.9 MeV at αs = 0.118 from an approximate proton wave function, i.e., mu/m d = 0.44 to compare with mu/m d = 0.46 (9) [11].…”