On Proactive, Transparent, and Verifiable Ethical Reasoning for Robots

Bremner, Paul; Dennis, Louise A.; Fisher, Michael; Winfield, Alan F. T.

doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2898267

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Bonnefon et al provide an insightful Point of View article titled: "The trolley, the bull bar, and why engineers should care about the ethics of autonomous cars" [49]. This paper, which brings attention to what the authors call "the statistical trolley dilemma," is the only paper of the special issue focussed on autonomous vehicles Bremner et al contribute a paper titled: "On proactive, transparent and verifiable ethical reasoning for robots" [50], in which they review and update an approach to the design of ethical robots based on a simulation-based internal model. This model allows the robot to anticipate when another robot -acting as a proxy humanmight be at risk of harm and intervene if necessary; the ethical robot's reasoning is both transparent and verifiable.…”

Section: T H E Pa P E R S I N T H I S S P E C I a L I S S U Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Winfield¹,

Michael²,

Pitt³

et al. 2019

Proc. IEEE

Self Cite

144

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The so-called fourth industrial revolution and its economic and societal implications are no longer solely an academic concern, but a matter for political as well as public debate. Characterized as the convergence of robotics, AI, autonomous systems and information technology-or cyber-physical systems-the fourth industrial revolution was the focus of the World Economic Forum, at Davos, in 2016 [1]. Also in 2016 the US White House initiated a series of public workshops on artificial intelligence (AI) and the creation of an interagency working group, and the European Parliament Committee for Legal Affairs published a draft report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics.

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Section: T H E Pa P E R S I N T H I S S P E C I a L I S S U Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Winfield¹,

Michael²,

Pitt³

et al. 2019

Proc. IEEE

Self Cite

144

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“…Separate high-level control or decision making can capture a wide range of different reasoning aspects, most commonly ethics [15,40] or safety [253]. Many of these high-level components give rise to governors/arbiters for assessing options or runtime verification schemes for dynamically monitoring whether the expectations are violated.…”

Section: The Identification and Separation Of Different Forms Of Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid model checking can involve a wide array of numerical techniques aimed at solving, for example, differential equations concerning control or environmental models. For the PRinciPLes LayeR, model checking has been used for verifying BDI agents [34][35][36]; epistemic and temporal properties of multiagent systems [170,171,195]; the agents' knowledge, strategies, and games [177]; and general, high-level decision making [69] that has been extended to ethical principles [40,70].…”

Section: Verification Of Autonomous Software Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a framework for certification of reliable autonomous systems

Fisher

Mascardi

Rozier

et al. 2020

Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst

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A computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life. However, regulators grapple with how to deal with autonomous systems, for example how could we certify an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous use in civilian airspace? We here analyse what is needed in order to provide verified reliable behaviour of an autonomous system, analyse what can be done as the state-of-the-art in automated verification, and propose a roadmap towards developing regulatory guidelines, including articulating challenges to researchers, to engineers, and to regulators. Case studies in seven distinct domains illustrate the article.

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“…Another step is required to make the robots behave as intended in practice, namely, the concrete technological implementation of ethics into robots. Different researchers have developed and tested algorithms that, for example, allow robots to decide in morally ambivalent situations (e.g., [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137]). However, it may be critically discussed whether an implementation of ethics in the form of algorithms is feasible, or even possible.…”

Section: Ethical Framework Guidelines and Their Implementation Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal and Ethical Issues in HRI

Wullenkord

Eyssel

2020

Curr Robot Rep

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Purpose of the Review The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the societal and ethical issues in human-robot interaction, (HRI), mainly focusing on the literature of the last five years. Recent Findings Both general ethical challenges associated with robot deployment and those specific to human-robot interaction are addressed and complemented by discussions of ethics within HRI research, ethics related behavior towards robots, as well as ethics and robot rights. Moreover, we discuss ethical challenges in sensitive contexts such as medicine, rehabilitation, and care. We conclude our review by providing an overview of the key ethics frameworks and guidelines to inspire researchers, developers, and stakeholders alike. Summary This review offers a timely overview of the state-of-the art societal and ethical issues that arise from the ever more steady integration of robots into human society. We exemplify the key issues and debates in the field by mainly covering the literature of the past five years.

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On Proactive, Transparent, and Verifiable Ethical Reasoning for Robots

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Towards a framework for certification of reliable autonomous systems

Societal and Ethical Issues in HRI

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