On polyphyly of the former section Ochlopoa and the hybridogenic section Acroleucae (Poa , Poaceae): insights from molecular phylogenetic analyses

Abstract

In this study, sequence data from the inert nuclear region ITS1‐5.8S rDNA‐ITS2 and the chloroplast region trnL–F, as well as a few morphological characters, are analysed to the relationships among known annual Poa (bluegrasses). It is shown that all taxa from the Poa annua aggregate distinguished by lemma characters and growth form have identical ITS and trnL–trnF sequences, all ITS sequences of this aggregate are the same as thethose of P. supina, and all trnL–trnF sequences are homologous with those of P. infirma. Furthermore, no differences were found between unusual morphotypes of P. supina with short spinules on their panicle branches and typical plants, but Siberian samples were found to have a slightly differentiated trnL–trnF region. These results suggest a hybrid origin of the Asian annual bluegrasses. Their maternal genome is close to that of P. sect. Homalopoa, but their ITS sequences are different. Some ITS sequences from annual Asian bluegrasses are resolved among representatives of P. sect. Stenopoa while for other (morphologically closely similar) species they fall in a clade with representatives of P. sect. Malacanthae. The latter group is distant from P. sect. Ochlopoa and is better treated as a separate section, viz P. sect. Acroleucae. The American annual bluegrasses are heterogeneous and also rather distant from P. sect. Ochlopoa. Poa chapmaniana, a species with cleistogamic flowers, is nested among the basal Subantarctic sections, far away from the taxa with which it has previously been considered related. It is indeed closer to P. sect. Ochlopoa than to other annual American bluegrasses. Thus, the studied annual species in fact belong to four independent evolutionary lines (or six including the separate genus Eremopoa and the Turkish Poa jubata), one of which, Acroleucae, has gone through three reticulation events. As in previous studies, our analysis did not support the generic status of P. sect. Ochlopoa.

Effects of two synthetic pyrethroids on Arthrospira platensis Gomont growth and antioxidant parameters

“…raniglumis Fröhner) or sparsely hairy, anthers lightly schorter (0.6-0.8 mm). Besides, recent molecular investigations carried out by Nosov et al (2019) have confirmed that P. maroccana is an autotetraploid of P. infirma, origin previously hypothesized by Chrtek and Jiràsek (1962) and Scholz (1996). It should be noted that an eventual taxonomic affinity between P. maroccana and P. annua must be excluded in any case, since on the basis of experimental hybridizations carried out by Nannfeldt (1938), where the hybrids obtained were characterized by a chromosome count (2n = 28) and were completely sterile (Chrtek andJiràsek 1962, Warwick 1979).…”

“…is diploid (Nannfeldt 1935(Nannfeldt , 1938. Unlike P. annua, which is an allotetraploid derived from natural hybridization processes among P. infirma and P. supina (Tutin 1957), P. maroccana is an autotetraploid originating from P. infirma as hypothesized by Edmondson (1980), Chrtek and Jiràsek (1962), Scholz (1996) and recently confirmed by Nosov et al (2019).…”

“…Ortega-Olivencia and Devesa 2018). Based on a large amount of literature data (Nannfeldt 1938, Litardière 1938, Camus 1952, Tutin 1957, Chrtek and Jiràsek 1962, Scholz 1968, 1993, 1996, Böhling and Scholz 2003, Valdés and Scholz 2006, Valdes 2013, Dimopoulos et al 2013, Ibn Tattou 2014, Nosov et al 2019, P. maroccana must be conversely considered a species morphologically well differentiated from all the other species belonging to the cycle of P. annua.…”

“…Geographical distribution -Based on herbarium investigation and literature data (Nannfeldt 1938, Maire and Samuelsson 1939, Camus 1952, Maire 1955, Edmondson 1980Scholz 1968, 1993, 1996, 1998, Valdés and Scholz 2009, Valdés 2013, Dimopoulos et al 2013, Ibn Tattou 2014, Strid 2016, Zarco 2016, Nosov et al 2019), P. maroccana shows a scattered distribution in many countries of the Mediterranean area (Fig. 2).…”

“…Crimea: Crimea, near the settlement Frunzenskoe, Tzvelev s. n. (LE), see Nosov et al (2019). Greece: Fthiótis, Fthiotidhos, S Lamia, 1 April 1999, Willing R., Willing E. 73436 (B-JACQ-ID 825003); Évvoia, W Asmini, 11 May 2011, Willing R., Willing E. 217599 (B 10 0403169); Turkey: Muĝla (C1): Bafa-Gölü/Besparmak Daĝi (Latmos-Gebirge), Kaprikiri, Ruinenstätte Herakleia am Latmos, alt.…”