On Parameter Selection in Cold Spraying

Assadi, H.; Schmidt, Tobias; Richter, H.J.; Kliemann, J.‐O.; Binder, Kurt; Gärtner, F.; Klassen, Thomas; Kreye, H.

doi:10.1007/s11666-011-9662-9

Cited by 322 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The critical velocity is also found to be a function of particle size, namely increasing with decreasing particle size. This size dependence of the critical velocity has been attributed to the role of heat conduction [45] and accordingly formulated as a function of adiabaticity [98]. The size-dependence of critical velocity has been worked out and verified experimentally for copper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There are several process parameters that play a role in CS [98]. A major part of cold spray research has aimed to investigate -often through fluid dynamics considerations -the influence of the process parameters on the deposition efficiency and on the final properties of the deposits.…”

Section: Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 22. Tensile (cohesive) strength of cold-sprayed copper coatings as a function of (a) particle impact velocity, and (b) ratio of particle impact velocity to the critical velocity [98].…”

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Cold spraying – A materials perspective

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Cold spraying is a solid-state powder deposition process with several unique characteristics, allowing production of coatings or bulk components from a wide range of materials. The process has attracted much attention from academia and industry over the past two decades.The technical interest in cold spraying is twofold: first as a coating process for applications in surface technology, and second as a solid-state additive manufacturing process, offering an alternative to selective laser melting or electron beam melting methods. Moreover, cold spraying can be used to study materials behaviour under extremely high strain rates, high pressures and high cooling rates. The cold spraying process is thus considered to be relevant for various industrial applications, as well as for fundamental studies in materials science.This article aims to provide an overview of the cold spray process, the current understanding of the deposition mechanisms, and the related models and experiments, from a materials science perspective. IntroductionCold spraying (CS) is a solid-state material deposition technique, where micron-sized particles of a powder bond to a substrate as a result of high-velocity impact and the associated severe plastic deformation. Acceleration of particles to high velocities is obtained via expansion of a pressurised and (ironically) 'hot' gas through a diverging-converging nozzle.Despite heating the process gas -which is to provide higher acceleration of the gas and also to facilitate particle deformation through thermal softening -the feedstock remains in the solid state throughout the entire process; hence the name 'cold' spraying. This is to underline the contrast to conventional thermal spraying where particles are completely or partially molten upon impact onto the substrate. Alternative terminology includes cold gas spray, micro cold spray, cold gas dynamic spray, kinetic spray, supersonic particle deposition and metal powder application (MPA), all of which refer to the same principle of solid-state powder deposition as described above. CS is used for coating and repair. It is also used for additive manufacturing (AM) at relatively high deposition rates as compared to the methods based on selective laser or electron beam melting. The main advantage of CS is that it alleviates the problems associated with high temperature processing of materials, such as oxidation and unfavourable structural changes. It is possibly the only continuous method to produce bulk components of metastable materials that are available only in the powder form, e.g. as obtained from mechanical attrition or gas atomisation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of CS from a materials perspective, particularly for a broader audience in materials research, e.g. with interest in dynamic phenomena, plasticity and phase transformations. In terms of application and properties, CS is perhaps best to be compared to thermal spraying processes, as in [24,25]. In view of relevant physical phenomena, however, CS is mos...

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Section: Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold spraying – A materials perspective

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“…In summary, the critical velocity is a relation among kinetic, thermal energy and physical chemical characteristics of the feedstock. Assadi et al 23 even…”

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confidence: 94%

Cold gas spray coatings: basic principles corrosion protection and applications

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ABSTRACT:In this review, the beginnings and evolution of the cold gas spray (CGS) technique are described, followed by the main fundamental aspects of the technique together with a description of the several spraying systems up to date. Sequentially, the main spray parameters and their influence on the properties of the coatings are reported. Afterwards, the most important methodologies for preparing the feedstock powders to be sprayed, the effect of the powder composition, microstructure, particle size and shape on the properties of the coatings are discussed. The nature of the spray gun and nozzle, and the substrate pre-treatments were also discussed. With regard to microstructure and properties, the chemical and physical characterization of the coatings and the performance in protecting the substrates against corrosion together with some mechanical properties are presented and compared. The lacking systematic studies about the great part of investigated systems is the main drawback to compare the published results. Closing this review, the main applications, and the potentialities of the CGS coatings are evidenced.

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“…Cold spraying technology is divided into low pressure cold spraying [2][3][4][5][6][7] and high pressure cold spraying [8][9][10][11][12][13]. High pressure cold spraying technology use heated high pressure gas in low temperature to change its kinetic energy into heat energy when the solid particles impact substrate and surface of coating material, thus forming a layer of almost impermeable coating [14].But in the process of application, the cold high pressure spraying has a lot of shortcomings,because the requirements for pressure (minimum to 15 atmospheres) lead to the stopping of large equipment and reducing the security of use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alumina content in Cu-Al2O3 powder on the properties of cold spraying coatings

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Chang²,

An³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2016 International Forum on Mechanical, Control and Automation (IFMCA 2016)

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Abstract:The cold gas dynamic spray was used to prepare the Al 2 O 3 -Cu alloys coating on Al, Cu and steel substrate in this study with the mixture of pure Al 2 O 3 powder and pure copper powder. The influence rule of coating performance for different ratios was analyzed. The results showed that at a relatively high substrate hardness, different ratios is less effective to bond strength and vice versa.

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On Parameter Selection in Cold Spraying

Cited by 322 publications

References 28 publications

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold gas spray coatings: basic principles corrosion protection and applications

The influence of alumina content in Cu-Al2O3 powder on the properties of cold spraying coatings

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