The quarrels generated by the coloration of black and white films, the strifes about the policies of acquisition followed by major museums, the turmoil caused by nontraditional casting, or the scandal surrounding the lockout of the musical director of the new French opera house represent as many signs of a worldwide cultural malaise.The paper seeks to show that the malaise and the underlying conflicts in and about art worlds are caused by crises in the current definitions of aesthetic propriety and artistic property. Such crises occur because of time lags between changes in the material basis of the production or the distribution of cultural goods and in their ideological superstructures. Contrasts among disciplines in this regard are paralleled by differences in their responses to the crisis.The subsequent analysis involves the examination of two major transitions in the development of cultural systems in the Western world. The first transition which spans the period ranging from the end of the eighteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century, concerns the cultural impact of the initial dynamics of industrialization. Artists have sought to capitalize on the gains of status already achieved by scientists and inventors. They have emphasized analogies between scientific and artistic creativity in order to assert their right to define aesthetic canons and evaluate individual works in the name of the community at large. But they have also claimed similarities between their roles and those of inventors to affirm their rights to retain economic fights over their individual creations after the latter's entry in the public domain.However, divergences in the modes of division of labor prevailing in the visual, the literary, and the performing fields have been paralleled by divergences in the interaction styles of their respective practitioners. Ensuing divergences in their commitments toward any orthodoxy have also been paralleled by differences in the legal status they have achieved (Williams, 1973;Goodman, 1968). 229 9 1990 Human Sciences Prt~s, hlc.