For an arbitrary semi-direct product, we give a general description of its lower central series and an estimation of its derived series. In the second part of the paper, we study these series for the full braid group B n (M) and pure braid group P n (M) of a compact surface M , orientable or non-orientable, the aim being to determine the values of n for which B n (M) and P n (M) are residually nilpotent or residually soluble. We first solve this problem in the case where M is the 2-torus. We then use the results of the first part of the paper to calculate explicitly the lower central series of P n (K), where K is the Klein bottle. Finally, if M is a non-orientable, compact surface without boundary, we determine the values of n for which B n (M) is residually nilpotent or residually soluble in the cases that were not already known in the literature.