On numerical simulation of tunnel installation

Model validation and calibration via back analysis for mechanized tunnel simulations – The Western Scheldt tunnel case

“…The value is defined according to the average face pressure during the whole excavations. In order to simulate the volume losses due to overcut zone and conicity of TBM [10,16], contraction factor is used. Thus, contraction is applied to TBM and lining segments to simulate a reduction of the tunnel cross section area.…”

“…Compared to 3D model, 2D numerical simulation of mechanized tunneling does not take into account the inclination of the tunnel, consequential advancement of the TBM and face support. However, it provides a good approximation of the model response for a defined observation section and it is popularly applied in engineering practice [10]. For the comparison of model responses in 3D and 2D models, a simplified 2D FE-model is created to simulate the construction of Western Scheldt tunnel.…”

Numerical back-analysis of the southern Toulon tunnel measurements: A comparison of 3D and 2D approaches

“…This seems to confirm that the 2D approach is not able to represent the complex three-dimensional phenomenon of the support loading (Möller et Vermeer, 2008). In addition, the evolution of the normal force on the rib as a function of the face distance is shown in Figure 14.…”

“…Möller and Vermeer (2008) simulated the excavation of a tunnel in Stuttgart and concluded that it is necessary to use two different stress release coefficients λ depending on whether the goal is to estimate the ground settlements or the stresses in the supports. This problem is observed because the 2D simulation cannot represent the complex three-dimensional phenomenon of support loading, particularly near the tunnel face.…”

Numerical simulations for allocations of internal forces on double-layer linings of shield tunnel

“…Arnau investigated three dimensional structural response of segmental tunnel linings, and transversal and longitudinal mending characteristics segmental tunnel linings were analyzed [3]. Do performed 2D numerical investigation of segmental tunnel lining behavior [4], Chen numerically simulated crack problems in segments of shield tunnel using finite element method [5], Yuan Tunnel carried out structure analysis using the multi-scale modeling method [6], Mashimo proposed a procedure to evaluate the load on shield tunnel lining in gravel [7], Kim presented a prediction method of tunnel lining loads using correction factors [8], Moller investigated the ground loss ratio problems with considering tunnel installation process [9]. Li analyzed influences of ground loss ratios on internal force characteristics on segments of tunnel linings.…”