Abstract:Abstract:The question motivating this essay is how tantric Buddhist practitioners in Japan understood language such as to believe that mantra, dhāran .ī , and related forms are efficacious. "Extraordinary language" is introduced as a cover term for these several similar language uses found in tantric Buddhist practices in Japan. The essay proceeds to a critical examination of Anglo-American philosophy of language to determine whether the concepts, categories, and concerns of that field can contribute to the an… Show more
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