On Newton's third law and its symmetry-breaking effects

Pinheiro, Mario J.

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/84/05/055004

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In contrast, the non-equilibrium forces between impurities may exhibit long-range behavior due to a long-living diffusive wake induced by their motion [22-24, 26, 27, 33]. In addition, such forces often have unusual properties, e.g., they violate the Newton's third law [27,30,34,35]. The non-Newtonian behavior of the nonequilibrium depletion force was demonstrated at low gas concentrations [27], when interaction between gas particles is negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gas interparticle interaction on dissipative wake-mediated forces

Kliushnychenko

Lukyanets

2017

Phys. Rev. E

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The effect of concentration-dependent switching of the non-equilibrium depletion interaction between obstacles in a gas flow of interacting Brownian particles is presented. When increasing bath fraction exceeds half-filling, the wake-mediated interaction between obstacles switches from effective attraction to repulsion or vice-versa, depending on the mutual alignment of obstacles with respect to the gas flow. It is shown that for an ensemble of small and widely separated obstacles the dissipative interaction takes the form of induced dipole-dipole interaction governed by an anisotropic screened Coulomb-like potential. This allows one to give a qualitative picture of the interaction between obstacles and explain switching effect as a result of changes of anisotropy direction. The non-linear blockade effect is shown to be essential near closely located obstacles, that manifests itself in additional screening of the gas flow and generation of a pronounced step-like profile of gas density distribution. It is established that behavior of the magnitude of dissipative effective interaction is, generally, non-monotonic in relation to both the bath fraction and the external driving field. It has characteristic peaks corresponding to the situation when the common density "coat" formed around the obstacles is most pronounced. The possibility of the dissipative pairing effect is briefly discussed. All the results are obtained within the classical lattice-gas model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gas interparticle interaction on dissipative wake-mediated forces

Kliushnychenko

Lukyanets

2017

Phys. Rev. E

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“…To make the idea of this underlying principle so much simple, we may start to recall that, in the framework of electrodynamics the ponderomotive force acting on the material of an electromagnetic propulsion device is provided by Abraham's force density, A f , a term which represents the force communicated to a material structure (e.g., Refs. [20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]). It is also known that, in the framework of hydrodynamics, the three-dimensional Magnus force is given by [28]:…”

Section: Theory Of the Electromagneto-toroidal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(see discussion of the concept in Ref. [27]). This is the "Abraham term" appearing in the Abraham force density A f , which differs from the Minkowski force density by means of the expression (see also Refs.…”

Section: Theory Of the Electromagneto-toroidal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

General Relativistic Gravity Machine using Electromagneto-Torsion Field

Musha¹,

Pinheiro²

2018

ijSciences

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Some field propulsion systems are based on the solution of General Relativity Theory and are related to the connection between gravity and electromagnetic field. For example, Robert Forward proposed a gravity machine working according to the Einstein's General Relativity Theory, which requires ultra dense matter with the density of a dwarf star to produce useful thrust, but the proposed theoretical scheme cannot be realized by conventional technologies. The authors propose several concepts of a gravity machine utilizing an intense electromagnetic field that produces sufficient thrust to propel the spaceship, in accordance with Einstein's General Relativity Theory.

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“…(1) gives the quantity of motion, a measure of the vector velocity (with geometric nature) and the quantity of matter (with energetic content). In the case of a charged particle, it can be shown [8] that the momentum is given by

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reformulation of mechanics and electrodynamics

Pinheiro

2017

Heliyon

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Classical mechanics, as commonly taught in engineering and science, are confined to the conventional Newtonian theory. But classical mechanics has not really changed in substance since Newton formulation, describing simultaneous rotation and translation of objects with somewhat complicate drawbacks, risking interpretation of forces in non-inertial frames. In this work we introduce a new variational principle for out-of-equilibrium, rotating systems, obtaining a set of two first order differential equations that introduces a thermodynamic-mechanistic time into Newton's dynamical equation, and revealing the same formal symplectic structure shared by classical mechanics, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results is a more consistent formulation of dynamics and electrodynamics, explaining natural phenomena as the outcome from a balance between energy and entropy, embedding translational with rotational motion into a single equation, showing centrifugal and Coriolis force as derivatives from the transport of angular momentum, and offering a natural method to handle variational problems, as shown with the brachistochrone problem. In consequence, a new force term appears, the topological torsion current, important for spacecraft dynamics. We describe a set of solved problems showing the potential of a competing technique, with significant interest to electrodynamics as well. We expect this new approach to have impact in a large class of scientific and technological problems.

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On Newton's third law and its symmetry-breaking effects

Cited by 16 publications

References 109 publications

Effects of gas interparticle interaction on dissipative wake-mediated forces

Effects of gas interparticle interaction on dissipative wake-mediated forces

General Relativistic Gravity Machine using Electromagneto-Torsion Field

A reformulation of mechanics and electrodynamics

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