On Morphophonemic Rules of Dravidian Bases

Zvelebil, Kamil

doi:10.1515/ling.1967.5.32.87

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Bhat (1971) and McAlpin (1981) grouped Koraga together with Kurukh and Malto under the North Dravidian branch. Zvelebil (1990) proposed to treat Koraga as an independent branch of Dravidian under its own node in the tree, like Brahui. The Koraga language has been influenced for centuries by surrounding Tul _ u speakers, and many Koraga are bilingual in Tul _ u.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity

Sequeira,

Vinuthalakshmi,

Das

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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Introduction: The Koraga tribe are an isolated endogamous tribal group found in the southwest coastal region of India. The Koraga language shares inherited grammatical features with North Dravidian languages. To seek a possible genetic basis for this exceptionality and understand the maternal lineage pattern, we have aimed to reconstruct the inter-population and intra-population relationships of the Koraga tribal population by using mtDNA markers for the hypervariable regions along with a partial coding region sequence analysis.Methods and Results: Amongst the 96 individuals studied, we observe 11 haplogroups, of which a few are shared and others are unique to the clans Soppu, Oṇṭi and Kuṇṭu. In addition to several deep rooted Indian-specific lineages of macrohaplogroups M and U, we observe a high frequency of the U1 lineage (∼38%), unique to the Koraga. A Bayesian analysis of the U1 clade shows that the Koraga tribe share their maternal lineage with ancestral populations of the Caucasus at the cusp of the Last Glacial Maximum.Discussion: Our study suggests that the U1 lineage found in the Indian subcontinent represents a remnant of a post-glacial dispersal. The presence of West Asian U1 when viewed along with historical linguistics leads us to hypothesise that Koraga represents a mother tongue retained by a vanquished population group that fled southward at the demise of the Indus civilisation as opposed to a father tongue, associated with a particular paternal lineage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity

Sequeira,

Vinuthalakshmi,

Das

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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“…Interestingly, the clusters with North Dravidian speaking tribes at the Ancestral South Indian end appeared closer to each other, whereas the Brahui samples clustered at the Ancestral North Indian end. The geographical locus of the primary branches of the Dravidian language family lies in the northwest, where the Brahui language community has survived as a remnant population, whereas today most modern Dravidian language speakers live in South India (Zvelebil 1990, van Driem 2001). It is evident from the PCA plot that these groups have drifted away with time (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geographical locus of the primary branches of the Dravidian language family lies in the northwest, where the Brahui language community has survived as a remnant population, whereas today most modern Dravidian language speakers live in South India 14,15 . It is evident from the PCA plot that these groups have drifted away with time (Figure 1 c).…”

Section: Population Structure In the Indian Clinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…North Dravidian language communities are mainly distributed geographically across the northwest and north of the Indian subcontinent. Krishnamurti (1978Krishnamurti ( , 1998Krishnamurti ( , 2003 classified the Brahui language, spoken in Belochistan in the far northwest, as North Dravidian, whereas McAlpin (1981) and Zvelebil (1990) placed Brahui under a separate node as a distinct branch of its own within Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian, intermediate between Elamite and mainstream Dravidian. Zvelebil (1990) likewise proposed to treat Koraga as an independent branch of Dravidian under its own node in the tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krishnamurti (1978Krishnamurti ( , 1998Krishnamurti ( , 2003 classified the Brahui language, spoken in Belochistan in the far northwest, as North Dravidian, whereas McAlpin (1981) and Zvelebil (1990) placed Brahui under a separate node as a distinct branch of its own within Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian, intermediate between Elamite and mainstream Dravidian. Zvelebil (1990) likewise proposed to treat Koraga as an independent branch of Dravidian under its own node in the tree. So, whereas these languages are sometimes lumped together under the label Northern Dravidian sensu lato, linguists have also seen Brahui, Northern Dravidian strictu sensu and Koraga as possibly representing three primary branches of the language family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel 4,400-year-old ancestral component in a tribe speaking a Dravidian language

Sequeira,

Krishna,

van Driem

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Research has shown that the present-day population on the Indian subcontinent derives its ancestry from at least three components identified with pre-Indo-Iranian agriculturalists once inhabiting the Iranian plateau, pastoralists originating from the Pontic-Caspian steppe and ancient hunter-gatherer related to the Andamanese Islanders. The present-day Indian gene pool represents a gradient of mixtures from these three sources. However, with more sequences of ancient and modern genomes and fine structure analyses, we can expect a more complex picture of ancestry to emerge. In this study, we focus on Dravidian linguistic groups to propose a fourth putative source which may have branched out from the basal Middle Eastern component that gave rise to the Iranian plateau farmer related ancestry. The Elamo-Dravidian theory and the linguistic phylogeny of the Dravidian family tree provide chronological fits for the genetic findings presented here. Our findings show a correlation between the linguistic and genetic lineages in language communities speaking Dravidian languages when they are modelled together. We suggest that this source, which we shall call ‘Proto-Dravidian’ ancestry, emerged around the dawn of the Indus Valley civilisation. This ancestry is distinct from all other sources described so far, and its plausible origin not later than 4,400 years ago on the region between the Iranian plateau and the Indus valley supports a Dravidian heartland before the arrival of Indo-European languages on the Indian subcontinent. Admixture analysis shows that this Proto-Dravidian ancestry is still carried by most modern inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent other than the tribal populations. This momentous finding underscores the importance of population-specific fine structure studies. We also recommend informed sampling strategies for biobanks and to avoid oversimplification of ancestral reconstruction. Achieving this requires interdisciplinary collaboration.

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Comparative Dravidian phonology

Krishnamurti¹

1976

Lingua

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On Morphophonemic Rules of Dravidian Bases

Cited by 4 publications

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The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity

The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity

Novel 4,400-year-old ancestral component in a tribe speaking a Dravidian language

Comparative Dravidian phonology

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