On Modeling the Cost of Ownership of Plug-In Vehicles

Hamza, Karim; Laberteaux, Kenneth P.; Chu, Kang-Ching

doi:10.3390/wevj12010039

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Using this method, TCO is based on differences inherent to the powertrains, rather than other features that may or may not be included in the vehicles. While less common, this approach is used by Argonne National Laboratory's BEAN model (Burnham et al., 2021a) and others (Cox et al., 2020; Hamza et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric and gasoline vehicle total cost of ownership across US cities

Woody,

Adderly,

Bohra

et al. 2024

J of Industrial Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vehicle electrification can significantly decarbonize the transportation sector. Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) depends on their cost relative to conventional alternatives. Here we compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of gasoline, hybrid, and electric vehicles. First, we review previous TCO studies, showing that the components (e.g., purchase price, financing, taxes, fees, insurance, refueling, maintenance, repair, and home charging equipment for EVs), parameters (e.g., vehicle miles traveled, discount rate, and lifetime), and methods differ greatly. Then, we develop a comprehensive TCO model comparing across five vehicle classes, three powertrains, and three EV ranges. Using 14 cities in the United States and multiple charging scenarios, we investigate TCO variability based on location and use pattern. We include adjustments for local gasoline prices, electricity rate plans, home charging access, and the impact of local temperatures and drive cycles on fuel economy, among other factors. We show that for a 300‐mile range midsize electric SUV, TCO varies by $52,000, or nearly 40%, across locations. Home charging access reduces the lifetime cost by approximately $10,000 on average, and up to $26,000. EVs are more competitive in cities with high gasoline prices, low electricity prices, moderate climates, and direct purchase incentives, and for users with home charging access, time‐of‐use electricity pricing, and high annual mileage. In general, we find that small and low‐range EVs are less expensive than gasoline vehicles. Larger, long‐range EVs are currently more expensive than their gasoline counterparts. And midsize EVs can reach cost parity in some cities if incentives are applied.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric and gasoline vehicle total cost of ownership across US cities

Woody,

Adderly,

Bohra

et al. 2024

J of Industrial Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The economic analyses of transportation services analyzed by existing studies are differentiated by the type and size of vehicles. These include studies analyzing the economics of passenger cars (Lévay et al, 2017;Breetz & Salon, 2018;Palmer et al, 2018;Weiss et al, 2019;Ouyang et al, 2021;Ajanovic & Haas, 2021;Hamza et al, 2021), commercial vehicles (Falcão et al, 2017), buses (Li & Kimura, 2021;Comello et al, 2021;Ally & Pryor, 2016), trucks (Vora et al, 2017) and combination of different vehicles (Gambhir et al, 2015). In general, most of these studies show that the TCO of an average passenger EV is currently higher than an equivalent ICEV.…”

Section: Transportation Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major challenges that the passenger FCEVs to be in strong competition with conventional ICEVs and BEVs are reduction of investment costs of cars, infrastructure development, and stable policy framework conditions. Hamza et al (2021) Bottom-up approach for TCO is applied in the USA.…”

Section: Ouyang Et Al (2021)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Investments in Clean Technologies Reduce Production Costs? Insights from the Literature

Timilsina¹,

Malla²

2021

Policy Research Working Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the sizing of the components is essential, so the system is not over-dimensioned and uneconomical for the customer. Despite the average-sized components for PHEVs, the battery still accounts for a high share of the powertrain costs [8] and needs to be dimensioned accordingly [9] to grant a total cost of ownership (TCO) benefit [10,11]. The battery is usually oversized because the battery cells degenerate throughout the lifetime, resulting in a capacity and power fade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Aging-Aware System Simulation for Plug-In Hybrids

Frambach

Liedtke

Dechent

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lithium-ion battery is a vital powertrain component in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The fuel reduction potential and cost-effectiveness of these vehicles depend on the sizing of the powertrain components as well as on their utilization, which is defined by the energy management system (EMS). The battery is affected by power and capacity reduction over the lifetime of the vehicle, which needs to be considered during the design process to ensure the performance goals throughout the vehicle lifetime. Current literature regarding battery aging usually contains experimental results, which are not transformed into a useful aging model for system simulations. Consequently, battery aging is often neglected, which is why this paper intends to help researchers understand the degradation process of batteries in PHEVs and consider this in their simulation and dimensioning process. First, PHEV powertrain topologies and components are presented. Afterward, battery degradation mechanisms and recent findings are explained, followed by appropriate modeling approaches for different simulation targets. Finally, current aging-aware EMS literature is systematically reviewed and the integration of the aging models is analyzed, so researchers in system simulation areas can improve their powertrain models.

show abstract

On Modeling the Cost of Ownership of Plug-In Vehicles

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Electric and gasoline vehicle total cost of ownership across US cities

Electric and gasoline vehicle total cost of ownership across US cities

Do Investments in Clean Technologies Reduce Production Costs? Insights from the Literature

A Review on Aging-Aware System Simulation for Plug-In Hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About