On mm-Wave Multipath Clustering and Channel Modeling

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

“…Power angular spectrum: Various channel sounding reveals that a PAS at mm-wave is typically modeled as superposition of clusters as commonly reported in microwave frequency channels, e.g., [73]. In particular, [88], [93] report Laplacian distribution cluster PAS with the standard deviation of 15 • in indoor channels. [79] reports the standard deviation of 35 • in desktop scenarios.…”

“…Further extension of the model is performed, for example, towards a unified delay domain small-scale channel model that is applicable for microwave and mm-wave ultrawideband channels [87]. [88] complements the cluster parameters following the principle of the 11ad-model, and furthermore found that small fixtures such as ceiling lamps and shelfs are often visible as clusters, despite they are neglected for the sake of simplicity in the 11ad-model. As an alternative model, the papers [89], [90] characterize their measured PDPs as a combination of specular and diffuse components that appear as discrete spikes and continuously decaying power spectrum over delay, respectively.…”

“…3.1.2. The clustering can be performed either by relating the clusters with physical objects in propagation environments [68], [198], or on a multipath parameter space [88], [199] where the carrier frequency is added as a new dimension of the space. Here, again, there are very few multi-frequency channel measurements available to date to support the modeling activity.…”

Millimeter-Wave Propagation: Characterization and modeling toward fifth-generation systems. [Wireless Corner]

“…Due to the very small wavelength highly accurate positioners on the order of a fraction of a wavelength to synthesize the array, and sources with low phase noise and high stability would be needed to apply high resolution estimation algorithms. Multiple antenna measurements enable the estimation of the specular multipath component (SMC) parameters including the AoD and AoA using high resolution algorithms such as SAGE [43] or RIMAX [33] [44]. A drawback of SAGE is that 1) the computational load is dependent on the covariance matrix size which can be excessively huge for typical MIMO measurements and 2) it only assumes additive white Gaussian noise in the model and thus does not include dense multipath components (DMC).…”

E-band millimeter wave indoor channel characterization

“…Several researches [6]- [14] have thus addressed the radio channel characteristics in the mmW frequencies. The mmW multipaths clustering for double directional channel [11], the spatial and temporal characteristics [7] and the shadowing by human bodies [10] have been investigated around 60 GHz in indoor environments. Most of the studies in channels characterization and modelling at mmW frequencies have been conducted in the 60 GHz band, being a worldwide license free band.…”